}}
}}
”’Raoul Minot”’ (September 28, 1893, [[Montluçon]], [[France]] – April 28, 1945, [[Cham, Germany]])<ref name=”asso-buchenwald”>{{cite news|title=MINOT Raoul KLB 22626 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240816155837/https://asso-buchenwald-dora.com/minot-raoul-klb-22626/ |archivedate=2024-08-16 |url=https://asso-buchenwald-dora.com/minot-raoul-klb-22626/ |publisher=Association Française Buchenwald Dora et Kommandos |lang=French |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref> was a French amateur [[photographer]] who was deported to [[concentration camp]]s during the [[Second World War]] for his clandestine photography in [[Paris in World War II|Nazi-occupied Paris]]. He survived internment, but died in Germany soon after his liberation.
”’Raoul Minot”’ (September 28, 1893, [[Montluçon]], [[France]] – April 28, 1945, [[Cham, Germany]])<ref name=”asso-buchenwald”>{{cite news|title=MINOT Raoul KLB 22626 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240816155837/https://asso-buchenwald-dora.com/minot-raoul-klb-22626/ |archivedate=2024-08-16 |url=https://asso-buchenwald-dora.com/minot-raoul-klb-22626/ |publisher=Association Française Buchenwald Dora et Kommandos |=French |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref> was a French amateur [[photographer]] who was deported to [[concentration camp]]s during the [[Second World War]] for his clandestine photography in [[Paris in World War II|Nazi-occupied Paris]]. He survived internment, but died in Germany soon after his liberation.
Minot emerged from obscurity in the summer of 2024 as a result of a four-year investigation by [[Le Monde]] journalist [[Philippe Broussard]] around the discovery of Minot’s anonymous prints.
Minot emerged from obscurity in the summer of 2024 as a result of a four-year investigation by [[Le Monde]] journalist [[Philippe Broussard]] around the discovery of Minot’s anonymous prints.
== Biography==
== Biography==
Raoul Minot was born on September 28, 1893 in [[Montluçon]], France. In March of 1911, he was hired as a scarf vendor in the Parisian department store [[Printemps]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″>{{cite news|first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : le destin tragique de Raoul Minot, un héros oublié |trans-title=In the footsteps of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: the tragic destiny of Raoul Minot, a forgotten hero |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240816155843/https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/16/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-l-affaire-minot-juven-une-histoire-de-heros-et-de-collabos_6283667_3451060.html |archivedate=2024-08-16 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/16/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-l-affaire-minot-juven-une-histoire-de-heros-et-de-collabos_6283667_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |lang=French |date=2024-08-16 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref> In 1914, he was mobilized for the [[First World War]], during which he earned the ”[[Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (France)|Croix de guerre]]” with bronze medal.<ref name=”asso-buchenwald” />
Raoul Minot was born on September 28, 1893 in [[Montluçon]], France. In March 1911, he was hired as a scarf vendor in the Parisian department store [[Printemps]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″>{{cite news|first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : le destin tragique de Raoul Minot, un héros oublié |trans-title=In the footsteps of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: the tragic destiny of Raoul Minot, a forgotten hero |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240816155843/https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/16/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-l-affaire-minot-juven-une-histoire-de-heros-et-de-collabos_6283667_3451060.html |archivedate=2024-08-16 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/16/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-l-affaire-minot-juven-une-histoire-de-heros-et-de-collabos_6283667_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |=French |date=2024-08-16 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref> In 1914, he was mobilized for the [[First World War]], during which he earned the ”[[Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (France)|Croix de guerre]]” with bronze medal.<ref name=”asso-buchenwald” />
After the First World War, he returned to the Printemps department store, where he met Marthe Bedos, whom he married. At first living in Paris, the couple moved to [[Courbevoie]] in the 1920s. They had a daughter, Jacqueline. Minot was a passionate amateur photographer and regularly photographed vacations and war veteran events that he attended in Courbevoie.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″/>
After the First World War, he returned to the Printemps department store, where he met Marthe Bedos, whom he married. At first living in Paris, the couple moved to [[Courbevoie]] in the 1920s. They had a daughter, Jacqueline. Minot was a passionate amateur photographer and regularly photographed vacations and war veteran events that he attended in Courbevoie.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″/>
Starting in 1940, under the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II]], Minot took more than a thousand photos of daily life in Paris, which was formally prohibited by the ”Kommandantur” authorities. He used a [[Kodak Brownie]], and developed negatives thanks to the photo laboratory within Printemps, where he worked. He sold some photos to Louis Juven, occasional agent of the [[French Resistance]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
Starting in 1940, under the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II]], Minot took more than a thousand photos of daily life in Paris, which was formally prohibited by the ”Kommandantur” authorities. He used a [[Kodak Brownie]], and developed negatives thanks to the photo laboratory within Printemps, where he worked. He sold some photos to Louis Juven, occasional agent of the [[French Resistance]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
In November 1942, an unnamed informant denounced Minot’s activist to the occupation. After an investigation by the [[Special Brigades]], Minot was imprisoned in early 1943 at [[Fresnes Prison]], and later at the [[Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /><ref name=”Le Monde 09-24″>{{cite news|first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=La photo retrouvée de Raoul Minot, le « photographe fantôme » du Paris occupé |trans-title=The photo of Raoul Minot, the “ghost photographer” of occupied Paris, found |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/09/14/la-photo-retrouvee-de-raoul-minot-le-photographe-fantome-du-paris-occupe_6317227_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |lang=French |date=2024-09-14 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref>
In November 1942, an unnamed informant denounced Minot’s activist to the occupation. After an investigation by the [[Special Brigades]], Minot was imprisoned in early 1943 at [[Fresnes Prison]], and later at the [[Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /><ref name=”Le Monde 09-24″>{{cite news|first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=La photo retrouvée de Raoul Minot, le photographe fantôme du Paris occupé |trans-title=The photo of Raoul Minot, the “ghost photographer” of occupied Paris, found |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/09/14/la-photo-retrouvee-de-raoul-minot-le-photographe-fantome-du-paris-occupe_6317227_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |=French |date=2024-09-14 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref>
[[File:Fiche de Raoul Minot du Service Historique de la Défense.jpg|thumb|Raoul Minot’s file from the Historical Defense Service.]]
[[File:Fiche de Raoul Minot du Service Historique de la Défense.jpg|thumb|Raoul Minot’s file from the Historical Defense Service.]]
On April 20, 1943, Minot was deported to [[Mauthausen concentration camp]]<ref name=”mauthausen”>{{cite news|title=MINOT Raoul |url=https://monument-mauthausen.org/28343.html |publisher=Amicale of the deportees, families and friends of Mauthausen |lang=French |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref> On October 17, 1943, he was transferred to [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]], where he was used as forced labor.<ref name=”asso-buchenwald” /> Evacuated with other prisoners from the camp, he arrived at [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]] before being forced onto a [[death march]] tens of days later.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> He was liberated by the Americans on April 23, 1945, but died on April 28 in a hospital in [[Cham, Germany|Cham]] in [[Bavaria]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
On April 20, 1943, Minot was deported to [[Mauthausen concentration camp]]<ref name=”mauthausen”>{{cite news|title=MINOT Raoul |url=https://monument-mauthausen.org/28343.html |publisher=Amicale of the deportees, families and friends of Mauthausen |=French |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref> On October 17, 1943, he was transferred to [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]], where he was used as forced labor.<ref name=”asso-buchenwald” /> Evacuated with other prisoners from the camp, he arrived at [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]] before being forced onto a [[death march]] tens of days later.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> He was liberated by the Americans on April 23, 1945, but died on April 28 in a hospital in [[Cham, Germany|Cham]] in [[Bavaria]].<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
On September 11, 2024, the [[National Office for Veterans and Victims of War]] declared Minot a ”[[Mort pour la France]]”, a title reserved for honored war dead.<ref name=”Le Monde 09-24″/>
On September 11, 2024, the [[National Office for Veterans and Victims of War]] declared Minot a ”[[Mort pour la France]]”, a title reserved for honored war dead.<ref name=”Le Monde 09-24″/>
When Minot was arrested, many of his photos and materials were seized by the French police.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> Minot’s photographic works of his unique genre went unknown for many decades. One photo attributed to an “M. Minot” was published Printemps in a booklet in 1965, commemorating the department store’s centenary.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
When Minot was arrested, many of his photos and materials were seized by the French police.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> Minot’s photographic works of his unique genre went unknown for many decades. One photo attributed to an “M. Minot” was published Printemps in a booklet in 1965, commemorating the department store’s centenary.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
Since 1999, [[:fr:musée de la Résistance nationale|Museum of National Resistance]] has hosted a collection of Minot’s photos. They have been traced back to a donation by Daniel Leduc, son of ”résistant” Paul Leduc who had apparently saved the photos from his work in 1945.<ref name=”le-monde-13-08″>{{cite news |first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : à la recherche du commandant Leduc |trans-title=On the trail of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: in search of Commander Leduc |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240813063552/https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/13/vous-avez-essaye-de-me-joindre-le-commandant-daniel-leduc-genereux-donateur-du-musee-de-la-resistance-nationale_6278997_3451060.html |archivedate=2024-08-13 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/13/vous-avez-essaye-de-me-joindre-le-commandant-daniel-leduc-genereux-donateur-du-musee-de-la-resistance-nationale_6278997_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |lang=French |date=2024-08-13 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref>
Since 1999, [[:fr:musée de la Résistance nationale|Museum of National Resistance]] has hosted a collection of Minot’s photos. They have been traced back to a donation by Daniel Leduc, son of ”résistant” Paul Leduc who had apparently saved the photos from his work in 1945.<ref name=”le-monde-13-08″>{{cite news |first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : à la recherche du commandant Leduc |trans-title=On the trail of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: in search of Commander Leduc |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240813063552/https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/13/vous-avez-essaye-de-me-joindre-le-commandant-daniel-leduc-genereux-donateur-du-musee-de-la-resistance-nationale_6278997_3451060.html |archivedate=2024-08-13 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/13/vous-avez-essaye-de-me-joindre-le-commandant-daniel-leduc-genereux-donateur-du-musee-de-la-resistance-nationale_6278997_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |=French |date=2024-08-13 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref>
Another batch of 117 photos saved by Renée Damien, a colleague of Minot, were published in a book by Albert Hude titled ”Paris humilié, 1940-1941, Chronique photographique inédite en 101 clichés aux éditions du Petit pavé”.<ref>{{cite news|first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : Renée Damien, la vendeuse du Printemps qui détestait les « Fritz » |trans-title=In the footsteps of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: Renée Damien, the Printemps saleswoman who hated the “Fritzes” |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240814040814/https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/14/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-renee-damien-une-vendeuse-du-printemps-face-aux-fritz_6280245_3451060.html |archivedate=2024-08-14 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/14/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-renee-damien-une-vendeuse-du-printemps-face-aux-fritz_6280245_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |lang=French |date=2024-08-14 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref>
Another batch of 117 photos saved by Renée Damien, a colleague of Minot, were published in a book by Albert Hude titled ”Paris humilié, 1940-1941, Chronique photographique inédite en 101 clichés aux éditions du Petit pavé”.<ref>{{cite news|first=Philippe |last=Broussard |title=Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : Renée Damien, la vendeuse du Printemps qui détestait les Fritz |trans-title=In the footsteps of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: Renée Damien, the Printemps saleswoman who hated the “Fritzes” |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20240814040814/https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/14/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-renee-damien-une-vendeuse-du-printemps-face-aux-fritz_6280245_3451060.html |archivedate=2024-08-14 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2024/08/14/sur-les-traces-du-photographe-inconnu-du-paris-de-l-occupation-renee-damien-une-vendeuse-du-printemps-face-aux-fritz_6280245_3451060.html |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |=French |date=2024-08-14 |accessdate=2024-10-31}}</ref>
In 2020, photo album collector Stéphanie Colaux found in a flea market in [[Barjac, Gard]], an album with photos from the Nazi occupation of Paris between 1940 and 1942. Aware of their historical importance, she reached out to [[Le Monde]] newspaper about her find, and the newspaper proceeded to investigate the source of the photos. In August 2024, the newspaper published a series of five articles by [[Philippe Broussard]] detailing the results of the investigation and identifying Minot as the photographer, surmising that he may have had accomplices.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> Otherwise, the provenance of the album found at the flea market remains a mystery.
In 2020, photo album collector Stéphanie Colaux found in a flea market in [[Barjac, Gard]], an album with photos from the Nazi occupation of Paris between 1940 and 1942. Aware of their historical importance, she reached out to [[Le Monde]] newspaper about her find, and the newspaper proceeded to investigate the source of the photos. In August 2024, the newspaper published a series of five articles by [[Philippe Broussard]] detailing the results of the investigation and identifying Minot as the photographer, surmising that he may have had accomplices.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> Otherwise, the provenance of the album found at the flea market remains a mystery.
All of Minot’s known photos have been numbered and embellished with his often caustic comments about the German occupiers, which were sometimes erased.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> These photos show Paris and her closest suburbs between 1940 and 1942, particularly German soldiers in the capital; some showing buildings or streets, others military equipment, while other shots show propaganda leaflets or anti-German inscriptions.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
All of Minot’s known photos have been numbered and embellished with his often caustic comments about the German occupiers, which were sometimes erased.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ /> These photos show Paris and her closest suburbs between 1940 and 1942, particularly German soldiers in the capital; some showing buildings or streets, others military equipment, while other shots show propaganda leaflets or anti-German inscriptions.<ref name=”le-monde-16-08″ />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minot, Raoul}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minot, Raoul}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
|
Raoul Minot |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | September 28, 1893 |
| Died | April 28, 1945 |
| Occupation(s) | Salesman, amateur photographer |
| Years active | 1940-1942 |
| Known for | Forbidden photography |
Raoul Minot (September 28, 1893, Montluçon, France – April 28, 1945, Cham, Germany)[1] was a French amateur photographer who was deported to concentration camps during the Second World War for his clandestine photography in Nazi-occupied Paris. He survived internment, but died in Germany soon after his liberation.
Minot emerged from obscurity in the summer of 2024 as a result of a four-year investigation by Le Monde journalist Philippe Broussard around the discovery of Minot’s anonymous prints.
Raoul Minot was born on September 28, 1893, in Montluçon, France. In March 1911, he was hired as a scarf vendor in the Parisian department store Printemps.[2] In 1914, he was mobilized for the First World War, during which he earned the Croix de guerre with bronze medal.[1]
After the First World War, he returned to the Printemps department store, where he met Marthe Bedos, whom he married. At first living in Paris, the couple moved to Courbevoie in the 1920s. They had a daughter, Jacqueline. Minot was a passionate amateur photographer and regularly photographed vacations and war veteran events that he attended in Courbevoie.[2]
Starting in 1940, under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Minot took more than a thousand photos of daily life in Paris, which was formally prohibited by the Kommandantur authorities. He used a Kodak Brownie, and developed negatives thanks to the photo laboratory within Printemps, where he worked. He sold some photos to Louis Juven, occasional agent of the French Resistance.[2]
In November 1942, an unnamed informant denounced Minot’s activist to the occupation. After an investigation by the Special Brigades, Minot was imprisoned in early 1943 at Fresnes Prison, and later at the Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp.[2][3]
On April 20, 1943, Minot was deported to Mauthausen concentration camp[4] On October 17, 1943, he was transferred to Buchenwald, where he was used as forced labor.[1] Evacuated with other prisoners from the camp, he arrived at Flossenbürg before being forced onto a death march tens of days later.[2] He was liberated by the Americans on April 23, 1945, but died on April 28 in a hospital in Cham in Bavaria.[2]
On September 11, 2024, the National Office for Veterans and Victims of War declared Minot a Mort pour la France, a title reserved for honored war dead.[3]
When Minot was arrested, many of his photos and materials were seized by the French police.[2] Minot’s photographic works of his unique genre went unknown for many decades. One photo attributed to an “M. Minot” was published Printemps in a booklet in 1965, commemorating the department store’s centenary.[2]
Since 1999, Museum of National Resistance has hosted a collection of Minot’s photos. They have been traced back to a donation by Daniel Leduc, son of résistant Paul Leduc who had apparently saved the photos from his work in 1945.[5]
Another batch of 117 photos saved by Renée Damien, a colleague of Minot, were published in a book by Albert Hude titled Paris humilié, 1940-1941, Chronique photographique inédite en 101 clichés aux éditions du Petit pavé.[6]
In 2020, photo album collector Stéphanie Colaux found in a flea market in Barjac, Gard, an album with photos from the Nazi occupation of Paris between 1940 and 1942. Aware of their historical importance, she reached out to Le Monde newspaper about her find, and the newspaper proceeded to investigate the source of the photos. In August 2024, the newspaper published a series of five articles by Philippe Broussard detailing the results of the investigation and identifying Minot as the photographer, surmising that he may have had accomplices.[2] Otherwise, the provenance of the album found at the flea market remains a mystery.
All of Minot’s known photos have been numbered and embellished with his often caustic comments about the German occupiers, which were sometimes erased.[2] These photos show Paris and her closest suburbs between 1940 and 1942, particularly German soldiers in the capital; some showing buildings or streets, others military equipment, while other shots show propaganda leaflets or anti-German inscriptions.[2]
- ^ a b c “MINOT Raoul KLB 22626” (in French). Association Française Buchenwald Dora et Kommandos. Archived from the original on 2024-08-16. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Broussard, Philippe (2024-08-16). “Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : le destin tragique de Raoul Minot, un héros oublié” [In the footsteps of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: the tragic destiny of Raoul Minot, a forgotten hero] (in French). Le Monde. Archived from the original on 2024-08-16. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ a b Broussard, Philippe (2024-09-14). “La photo retrouvée de Raoul Minot, le ” photographe fantôme ” du Paris occupé” [The photo of Raoul Minot, the “ghost photographer” of occupied Paris, found] (in French). Le Monde. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ “MINOT Raoul” (in French). Amicale of the deportees, families and friends of Mauthausen. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ Broussard, Philippe (2024-08-13). “Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : à la recherche du commandant Leduc” [On the trail of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: in search of Commander Leduc] (in French). Le Monde. Archived from the original on 2024-08-13. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ Broussard, Philippe (2024-08-14). “Sur les traces du photographe inconnu du Paris de l’Occupation : Renée Damien, la vendeuse du Printemps qui détestait les ” Fritz “” [In the footsteps of the unknown photographer of occupied Paris: Renée Damien, the Printemps saleswoman who hated the “Fritzes”] (in French). Le Monde. Archived from the original on 2024-08-14. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
