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How To Fix A Sagging Headliner Without Removing (5 Easy Methods)

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How To Fix A Sagging Headliner Without Removing (5 Easy Methods)

You don’t need to worry if you are dealing with a sagging headliner. This article explains different effective methods to quickly address the sagging roof liner.

Sagging Headliner

Dealing with a sagging headliner while seated in your vehicle may be bothersome, but quick solutions are also available. To fix the sagging headliner in your car, you may employ tools such as steam cleaners, paint rollers, double-sided tape, glue, clear-headed twist pins, and sequin pins to rectify.

Fixing a sagging roof lining of your car without the need for removal can be done through one of four methods: reattaching it with adhesive, applying double-sided tape, securing it to the car’s roof using pins, or utilizing a steam cleaner along with a paint roller.

This article mainly explains the different methods to fix a sagging headliner in detail.

What is the Headliner?

The interior roof covering in a vehicle, referred to as the headliner, serves both visual and functional roles. It improves your car’s style. The headliner also plays a vital role in insulation, shielding the cabin from external temperatures and minimizing vibrations to reduce driving noise.

Beyond its fabric exterior, the headliner typically contains multiple layers. The initial layer is made of foam, fiberglass, or cardboard, providing structural support. Atop this, there’s a layer of vinyl, leather, or cloth, which is prone to sagging, particularly in the old vehicle models. 

Causes of a Sagging Headliner

A sagging headliner is caused because of one or more of the following causes:

  • Poor Maintenance: The poor maintenance of your vehicle’s interior is one of the major causes of a sagging headliner. The poor maintenance may lead to the premature wear and tear of roof lining, carpet, and upholstery.
  • UV Exposure: The region near the windshield and visors is often the initial area where sagging arises, primarily because of heightened exposure to UV rays and sunlight.
  • Glue Breakdown: The glue failure is another cause of headliner sag, where the original glue securing the lining loses its adhesive strength over time.
  • Harsh Weather Conditions: Regular exposure to humidity, high temperatures, and adverse weather may lead to the deterioration of the glue holding the lining, diminishing its ability to support the headliner.

Ways to Fix a Sagging Headliner

Using glue is one of the most effective methods to repair a sagging headliner. But you may also use pins or thumbtacks. You may also use the steam or carpenter’s tape to sag the headliner. 

Follow the following famous methods to fix your sagging headliner:

1) Glue

Fix a Sagging Headliner using glue, How to Fix a Sagging Roof Liner

The glue is the most commonly used method to fix the sagging headliner. Yet, the process may pose challenges, and success is most likely when addressing the sagging issue promptly.

Typically, the sagging initiates at the top of the roof, where the headliner meets the windshield, primarily due to prolonged exposure to UV rays. By using headliner adhesive readily available at auto parts stores, you may effortlessly reattach the headliner, particularly if you tackle the problem early on.

2) Steam

Fixing a Sagging Headliner using steam

Using steam is debatably one of the most effective and professional methods to repair a sagging headliner without the need for removal. A steam cleaner is used to liquefy the headliner glue, ensuring its reattachment to the frame. Subsequently, a paint roller helps in ensuring the fabric sets up smoothly, devoid of any wrinkles or creases.

  • Initiate the process by testing a small section to check feasibility. Your glue shouldn’t be too aged.
  • Move the steamer across the headliner, similar to the motion of painting with a roller. Simultaneously, press your headliner back to the initial layer of material.
  • This approach not only reattaches the headliner but also diminishes the likelihood of wrinkles and crumples in the fabric of your car.

3) Staples And Hairspray

fixing a Sagging Roof Liner using Hairspray

An unconventional yet effective solution involves using staples to address headliner sagging. This is also one of the most effective methods. Employ a stapler gun to fasten the headliner to the material beneath.

First of all, spray the hairspray onto the headliner and wait for a few minutes to dry it properly. As the spray is dried, an attempt can be made to remove the staples to observe the outcome.

4) Pins/Thumbtacks

Fixing Sagging Headliner using Pins

Another method for fixing a sagging headliner is to secure it by pinning it back in position. For this method, use various pins, such as clear-headed twist pins, sequin pins, or pushpins. Simply insert these pins through the fabric layer into the foam backing board, restoring your headliner to its original appearance.

5) Double-sided Tape

fixing a sagging headliner using Double-sided Tape

Another method to fix the lining sag is to use the carpenter’s tape found in the latest toolboxes.

  • First of all, cut the required length of tape and affix it to the headliner.
  • Peel off the backing and secure it to the roof, addressing sagging areas without significant expenses.

It’s worth noting that this method may not be suitable if only the middle of the headliner is sagging, as an edge is necessary for tape application.

Headliner Replacement Cost

If the attempts to repair a sagging headliner prove unsuccessful, replacement may be necessary. The replacement cost of the headliner depends on different factors, such as your living area and your vehicle model. The average replacement cost of the headliner is from $180 to $520.

FAQ Section

How do you reattach a roof liner in a car?

A sagging roof liner can be reattached by using different methods, such as pins (such as sequin pins or clear twist pins), double-sided tape, glue, or a steam cleaner with a paint roller.

What can I use to hold up a sagging headliner?

For holding up a sagging headliner, either headliner adhesive or upholstery adhesive can be employed.  

How can I repair a sagging headliner in my car?

To fix a sagging headliner, you may use an adhesive, double-sided tape, pins, or a steam cleaner along with a paint roller.

How many cans of spray adhesive are needed for the headliner?

The quantity of spray adhesive cans required to reattach a sagging headliner is dependent upon two primary factors. The first factor is the size of your vehicle, influencing the surface area of the headliner. Additionally, the coverage rate of the adhesive also plays a vital role, indicating how much surface area each can is capable of covering. By dividing the surface area of the headliner by the coverage rate of the adhesive, you can determine the precise number of cans necessary for the task.

Why is my headliner sagging?

Your car’s headliner may sag due to humidity, heat, age, or the adhesive weakening over time.

How can you glue a headliner?

To glue your car’s headliner, you need to apply adhesive to both the fabric and the headliner. Now press the fabric against the headliner and allow it to dry properly.

Can I reuse a sagging headliner?

Yes, in some conditions, you may reuse and reattach a sagging headliner by using adhesive. Nevertheless, if your car’s fabric is badly damaged or the adhesive has lost its efficacy, the option of replacing the headliner may become necessary.

How long does a headliner last?

The longevity of a headliner is subject to different factors, including the quality of materials used and the level of your car’s maintenance. The average service life of the headliner is approximately 10 to 20 years before showing signs of sagging or deterioration.

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What is the best ERP software for plastic injection moulding products?

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What is the best ERP software for plastic injection moulding products?

What is the best ERP software for plastic injection moulding products?Injection moulding seems like it would be a straightforward process. Simply insert the plastic pellets into the hopper, inject the molten material into a mould, pop it out and repeat – not much planning or organising involved. That is until you start doing it on a large scale. This is where ERP software becomes imperative for large-scale operations.

ERP software not only allows for greater asset management, but it can also be essential for optimising output. Smart companies use data to improve output and increase productivity; from keeping track of inventory to ensuring quality control processes are in check, ERP can be essential for scaling your plastic injection moulding company.

What is ERP software?

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software is specialist software that can be used to keep track of inventory, schedule production and keep track of quality control records. There are many different types of ERP software available, including cloud and mobile versions which empower staff across all levels of the organisation.

When choosing ERP software for your company, it’s important to ensure it not only suits your needs in the immediate future but that it also leaves room to scale. While switching ERP software isn’t disastrous, it’s much easier if you find ERP software that will grow with you.

How is ERP used in plastic injection moulding?

Effective plastic injection moulding starts and ends with inventory management. This doesn’t only feed into tasks like production schedules, but it also has an impact on waste management and improving efficiency. ERP software can help to track materials consumption and help operators to identify ways to reduce scrap product, or at least ensure it is reusable.

As plastic injection moulding companies expand into more and more industries, the need for increasingly complex quality control processes becomes more apparent. When working with medical technology, for example, in order to remain compliant, clean rooms have to be cleaner than clean. This kind of process requires strict routines which cannot be avoided. By using ERP software, these processes are centralised and therefore more easily managed.

For instance, 3ERP injection molding services offerings transcend mere solutions; they exemplify the integral role of technical proficiency and extensive experience in plastic injection molding. Their rich experience equips them to devise customized solutions tailored to the unique challenges of their clients.

And finally, ERP software can be used to boost productivity. A production schedule will not only keep track of raw materials but also keep track of the vast inventory of moulds that an injection moulding company will inevitably amass. Prototypes will often go through a range of iterations before landing on the final product, so being able to catalogue and store these correctly will speed up the process if the client comes back with a repeat order. Small steps like this can go a long way to ensuring your company appears very professional, even if you are in the early stages.

Which is the best ERP software for plastic injection moulding?

Depending on the size of your operation, there are a number of different types of ERP software available.

  • Large companies will benefit from the enterprise solutions offered by WinMan ERP, which offers everything from supply chain management to warehouse management. This can be useful for ensuring products are packaged and shipped in a timely manner.
  • For small and growing companies, Exact Max is a good choice as it also offers smart integrations with products like QuickBooks. This can streamline the invoicing process and ensure production remains on track.
  • For more complex manufacturing needs, Visibility is the obvious choice. Their enterprise resource planning software not only streamlines any process but also uses the collected data to help you make smarter decisions in future.

For ERP software that is truly scalable, Abas is a strong choice. Their software works for companies with 10 or 10,000 employees, and the mobile capabilities ensure that everyone is on the same page.

thermodynamics – Isothermal and adiabatic compression in the Carnot cycle

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thermodynamics – Isothermal and adiabatic compression in the Carnot cycle

We have to physically compress the gas. The reason behind this, along with answering your 2nd question, will be apparent if we analyze the Carnot cycle. It’s convenient to consider the $PV$ and $TS$ diagrams when talking about processes:

thermodynamics – Isothermal and adiabatic compression in the Carnot cycle

Let’s start at state 1 with $S_1$, $T_1$, $P_1$, etc.

1 $\rightarrow$ 2: Isentropic work input.

2nd law for this process gives:

$$ S_2 – S_1 = \int\frac{\delta Q_{12}}{T} + \Delta S_{gen}$$

Look at the TS diagram; clearly, $S_2 = S_1$. We also know $\Delta S_{gen} = 0$ since this is the Carnot cycle.

Therefore, $Q_{12} = 0$ and the 2nd law yields $S_1 = S_2$.

How else are we gonna increase the temperature to state 2? We have to add some sort non-heat energy to increase the temperature but keep $\Delta S = 0$. We therefore must add work.

2 $\rightarrow$ 3: Isothermal heat addition and work output.

The second law for this process gives:

$$ S_3 – S_2 = \frac{Q_{23}}{T_H}$$

where $T_H = T_2 = T_3$. Heat must therefore be added because we increase entropy. Note from the $PV$ diagram that we also have positive work output.

We’ve now made half a square on the $TS$ diagram. Next step is to isentropically decrease the temperature back to $T_1$.

3 $\rightarrow$ 4: Isentropic work output.

For the same reason as process 1 $\rightarrow$ 2, this process is adiabatic. The only way to decrease the entropy is to remove some sort of non-heat energy (i.e., the second law says we have to output work).

4 $\rightarrow$ 1: Isothermal heat rejection and work input.

The second law for this process gives:

$$ S_{1′} – S_4 = \frac{Q_{41′}}{T_C}$$

where $T_C = T_4 = T_1$. I’m using state $1’$ because we could reject heat $Q_{41′} = T_C(S_1′ – S_4)$ that takes us to a different state. But, since this is a cycle, we reject just enough heat to bring us back to state $1$. We don’t have to do that, we just choose to since this is a cycle. I think that answers your 2nd question.

Thomas Breen: Difference between revisions

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Thomas Breen: Difference between revisions

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{{s-ttl|title= County Mayor of [[Innlandet]]|years=2023–present}}

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{{s-ttl|title=Second Vice Chair of the [[Standing Committee on Health and Care Services]]|years=2011–2013}}

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Latest revision as of 14:27, 17 October 2024

Norwegian politician (born 1972)

Thomas Breen: Difference between revisions
Thomas Breen

Thomas Breen (born 13 September 1972) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He represented Hedmark in the Norwegian Parliament from 2009 to 2013, where he was elected to deputise for Knut Storberget, who was appointed to a government position. He previously served as a deputy representative from 2005 to 2009, during which he deputised for Storberget.

Breen was elected as a deputy representative from Hedmark at the 2005 election. He held the position until 2009. During his term he also sat on the Standing Committee on Justice and also deputised for Knut Storberget, who served as minister of justice in Jens Stoltenberg’s second government.[1]

He was elected as a regular respective from Hedmark at the 2009 election and held the position until 2013. During this time, he sat on the Election Committee, the Standing Committee on Finance and Economic Affairs between 2009 and 2011 and the Standing Committee on Health and Care Services between 2011 and 2013. He also served as the second vice chair of the latter committee between November 2011 and March 2013.[1]

Folldal and Hedmark County politics

[edit]

He was a member of the Folldal Municipal Council between 1999 and 2003. He also served as the deputy mayor of Folldal between 2003 and 2007 and concurrently a deputy member of the Hedmark County Council.[1]

County Mayor of Innlandet

[edit]

Breen was the Labour Party’s nominee for county mayor in the 2023 local elections. He became county mayor of Innlandet following the election in a coalition consisting of the Labour, Conservative and Green Party, with the Conservatives’ Hanne Velure as deputy county mayor.[2]

During his term, he was notably criticised in August 2024 for the county establishing a health group that would evaluate which students with mental illnesses could be qualified for taxi rides to schools. Breen defended the decision, arguing that the purpose of the group is to find the right tools to help with the issue.[3]

Breen was implicated in the impartiality scandal that forced the resignation of minister of culture and equality Anette Trettebergstuen in June 2023. He was one of the two colleagues she had appointed to the board of Norsk Tipping, and she claimed to have evaluated her impartiality regarding Breen.[4]

Home of the Brave (Black 47 album): Difference between revisions

NATO in the Quantum Industry Accelerator Business

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NATO in the Quantum Industry Accelerator Business

NATO in the Quantum Industry Accelerator Business

by Amara Graps

It was a remarkable speech, those six-and-a-half-minutes of the former North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Secretary General, Jens Stoltenberg, speaking at the inauguration of the Deep Tech Lab – Quantum on 29 September 2023. 

A minute after describing the most effective defense technologies historically being led by governments, Mr. Stoltenberg described his visit to Ukraine, where the major contributions of the private sector (for example: cyber, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), private-public partnerships in Brave1) is behind many of Ukraine’s defense tech innovations. It was the most concise explanation of -why- the NATO Defense Innovation Accelerator for the North Atlantic: DIANA, was created: NATO needs to act like a business. 

Mr. Stoltenberg’s speech may have hinted at the -timing- in which the NATO DIANA network was created: It was in the year 2023, after Ukraine did not “fall in three days” as some predicted. Conclusion: private sector defense contributions might even save nations. 

NATO has to think in new ways […] NATO needs to maintain a technological edge. […] said Jens Stoltenberg

About the Deep Tech Lab -Quantum:

I hope it’s a lot of good business but at least it’s very important for our security. –said Jens Stoltenberg

The NATO (DIANA) Deep Tech Lab -Quantum Accelerator

As we reported earlier, the NATO DIANA network (on the map) was established to propel technical innovation throughout the alliance. By utilizing cutting-edge technology and encouraging cooperation between NATO member states, startups, and private-sector innovators, DIANA focuses on developing dual-use technologies in areas such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, autonomy, biotechnology, space, and cybersecurity. 

How important is quantum technology to NATO?  Cathal J. Mahon, Chief Business Officer of Deep Tech Lab -Quantum, explained that quantum is one of the first of NATO’s identified nine emerging disruptive technologies (EDTs), which emphasizes quantum’s importance to NATO. 

Why Denmark for NATO’s Quantum Technology Accelerator?

Deep Tech Lab -Quantum (DTL-Q) is in charge of overseeing the Accelerator for NATO’s Quantum Technology theme. DTL-Q is operated by the global BioInnovation Institute Foundation (BII), a nonprofit organization with about 100 employees, appointed by the Danish government, to foster innovation in quantum science and deep tech sectors.  While BII’s DTL-Q incubator is only about a year old, its Life Sciences Incubator has been operating since 2018. DTL-Q’s location can take advantage of Denmark’s world-class quantum physics research, at the Danish National Metrology Institute, Denmark’s Technical University, Aarhus University, and Copenhagen University’s Niels Bohr Institute.  

For additional justification of the choice of Denmark for NATO’s DIANA quantum technology activity, Lene B. Oddershede, Senior Vice President, at the Novo Nordisk Foundation, explained that 

Danish investment over a 5-year period is close to $1 billion. […] Denmark is a world leader in quantum materials, which can contribute to building the best computer with the best materials […] Moreover, investments are also directed towards other quantum technologies, such as quantum algorithms and quantum sensing.

GQI Business Quantum Support for Nonprofits

Although NATO is using business concepts such as incubators in its DIANA network, DTL-Q is run by a nonprofit. As a result, its emphasis will probably be towards mission-driven objectives instead of financial returns. 

If you’re a quantum technology nonprofit, then you may not have ready market information, for the quantum startups that you are evaluating and then advising. Here’s how GQI can help. 

In Michael Baczyk’s QCR article: GQI Guide for Investors, he described a Technological Road mapping of different quantum components, with descriptions of Scenarios,  such as ‘Eye of the Needle FTQC’ and ‘Accelerated Military QS Adoption’.  It is a way of seeing the Big Picture of one quantum component under a variety of scenarios.  I’ll reproduce those scenarios here for Reference. 

  • Broad NISQ Quantum Advantage: Near-term quantum devices deliver commercial value across diverse applications.
  • Hard Quantum Winter: Progress stalls, commercial applications struggle to materialize.
  • Broad Early FTQC: Multiple players achieve small-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing.
  • Eye of the Needle FTQC: Only the most robust approaches succeed in delivering practical FTQC.
  • Distributed FTQC: Large-scale quantum computing achieved through networked smaller modules.
  • Goliath FTQC: Very large, centralized systems required for meaningful quantum advantage.
  • Turbo FTQC: Dramatically improved FTQC enables even algorithms with modest speedups to become practical.
  • Quantum Safe Migration: Widespread adoption of post-quantum cryptography.
  • Quantum Resistant Networks: Development of communication networks resilient to quantum attacks.
  • Quantum Enabled Networks: Quantum technologies enhance network capabilities and security.
  • Quantum Internets: Fully realized quantum communication networks enabling distributed quantum computing.
  • Mission Based QS: Quantum sensing adopted for specialized, high-value applications.
  • Accelerated Military QS Adoption: Rapid integration of quantum sensors in defense applications.
  • Dual-Use QS Evolution: Quantum sensing technologies find widespread commercial and military use.

If you are a Defense Tech worker, who needs to evaluate quantum components, the Scenarios that would be useful for you are likely the bottom seven of the above Scenarios. 

For example, in the recent QCR Article about NATO’s Quantum Safe Future Transition, we read that one of NATO’s current quantum concerns is to transition their communications to quantum safe communications. Therefore, those components would be dominating the Timeline for the current year and through about 2034.  

Figure. GQI’s Market Timing or a Variety of Scenarios from its Strategy Playbook. (*)

(*) If you are a nonprofit, then the business information that can help you be a knowledgeable advisor about quantum technology is not out of reach. GQI organizes such information to fit your circumstances. If you are interested to learn more of GQI’s Playbooks, Quantum Technology Frameworks, and more, please don’t hesitate to contact info@global-qi.com. 

October 15, 2024

How to Secure Cheap Electricity in Houston

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How to Secure Cheap Electricity in Houston

Key Takeaways:

  • Texas has a deregulated energy market, making it competitive among many retail electricity providers and giving you options.
  • Finding cheap electricity in Houston requires finding the lowest rates, but you also need to consider other factors to ensure reliability and satisfaction.
  • Regularly reviewing available energy plans and openness to channel providers is critical to maintaining the cheapest possible energy rates.

Managing household expenses is critical when maintaining a budget, and finding affordable electricity rates is a key way to keep these expenses low. Houston residents have various options to help keep their electricity costs in check. Below, we’ll explore strategies for finding cheap electricity in Houston and other ways to lower your monthly electricity bills.

What Are the Best Ways to Find Affordable Electricity Rates in Houston?

Whether you live in or plan to move to Houston, TX, you can take a few key steps to find cheap electricity in Houston. Let’s review the best avenues for finding the best electricity rates in Houston.

Online Search

First, you want to compare different electricity providers and find out which one offers the best overall electricity rates. A great resource for this is PowerToChoose.org, which allows you to enter your ZIP code and compare various providers’ plans.

When using this resource, keep in mind that finding the cheapest rates is only part of the process. You also want to consider other factors, such as:

  • Contract length
  • Contract terms
  • Cancellation fees
  • Additional benefits or incentives

When you find rates and other variables that meet your needs, it’s a great idea to go to the provider’s website to get additional details. For example, when you go to Just Energy’s website and perform a ZIP code search, you may find it has many more options than PowerToChoose shows and includes various specials and promotions that can further lower your electricity costs.

Family and Friends

Reaching out to friends, family, and neighbors in Houston can also be rather helpful. They can provide firsthand experience with the various energy providers and provide recommendations based on real-life rates and their overall satisfaction. The latter is also a very important factor, as finding cheap electricity in Houston is great, but if the customer service is poor, even the cheapest electricity can be disappointing.

Seasonal Promotions and Discounts

Monitoring the seasonal rates and promotions, such as bill credits for switching or free nights, is another great way to secure lower Houston electricity rates. Many electric companies offer promotions or discounts during off-peak times. If you can spot these trends, you may be able to lower your overall annual electricity expenses.

Are There Any Tips for Reducing Electricity Costs in Houston?

Even if you’ve already secured an affordable energy plan with the cheapest electricity rates, you can still take steps to further reduce your monthly bills. Let’s review some simple cost-cutting methods that can help reduce your monthly usage and energy bills.

Changing Your Habits

One simple way to save on electricity without changing energy companies is to practice energy-efficient habits. This includes simple lifestyle changes and tweaks, such as turning off lights and electronics when you leave a room, adjusting your thermostat to save on heating and cooling costs, and using natural light.

Changing Your Appliances

Replacing your old appliances with energy-efficient ones is a great way to save big on electricity. When replacing these older appliances, find ones with the Energy Star label, as this indicates it will function just as well or better than the appliances you’re replacing while consuming less energy.

You can also make other simple changes, including switching to LED light bulbs, which use at least 75% less energy than an incandescent bulb, and using power strips to easily turn off multiple devices. These small changes can significantly reduce your electricity usage.

Upgrading Your Home

You can also consider a range of home improvements to help reduce your electricity consumption. Some simple home upgrades that can contribute to lower energy usage and reduce your monthly bills over time include improving insulation, sealing air leaks, and investing in smart home technology.

Using Off-Peak Rates

Another effective way to lower electricity costs in Houston is to take advantage of time-of-use electricity plans. These Houston electricity plans offer lower rates during off-peak hours, potentially saving money if you adjust certain energy usage to these times.

For example, running major appliances such as dishwashers, washing machines, and dryers during off-peak hours can help you take advantage of lower electricity rates. Over time, this can reduce your overall monthly bill.

Find out why over half a million Texans trust Just Energy!

Find out why over half a million Texans trust Just Energy!

How Do I Compare Different Electricity Plans to Find the Most Affordable Option in Houston?

Use a site like PowerToChoose.org to find the electricity plans with the lowest overall per-kilowatt-hour (kWh) rates. However, be mindful of how many kWh you use monthly, as many rates decrease as your kWh usage increases. So, you’ll want to review your power bill to see how many kWh you use on average and use that number to make the comparison.

For example, if you use 3,000 kWh of power monthly and the energy plans in your area have tiered pricing at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 kWh, you’ll want to take your average monthly usage and apply the tiered pricing to determine which will save you more money overall.

Create a list of the top five to 10 energy providers by lowest monthly bill based on your average usage.

Remember that when comparing electricity plans in Houston, per-kWh pricing is only part of the equation. You also need to review and understand each option’s terms and conditions. Review the top providers you listed by cost and carefully review their contract length and any associated cancellation fees. Often, longer contracts offer lower rates initially, but they aren’t always ideal because they may charge a cancellation fee if you switch providers in the future to get better rates.

You also want to pay close attention to each electric company’s rate structure. Some providers will show you a substantially lower rate, but it may be a variable-rate plan that can eventually become a higher cost than a fixed-rate plan. Consider the savings of a variable-rate electricity plan with your financial risk tolerance if the rate spikes. If you fear you can’t support a potential rate hike, a higher fixed rate may be your best option.

While they have no financial ramifications, you also want to consider customer service and renewable energy applications. You want to weed out companies with poor customer service ratings. Also, you want to ensure your energy provider has a green energy plan if combating pollution and climate change is important to you.

What Are the Average Electricity Rates in Houston?

As of 2024, the average rate for electricity in Houston is 17.6 cents per kWh. However, keep in mind that this is just the average and your actual rates can vary. Some factors that can impact your electricity rates include your usage patterns, your service area, the time of year, and whether you’re on a month-to-month or long-term electricity contract. By implementing the tips above, you may be able to secure a lower rate.

What influences electricity rates in Houston? One significant driver is the source of energy generation. Texas has a broad energy mix that includes natural gas, coal, nuclear power, wind, and solar. The availability and cost of these energy sources can impact the overall electricity rates in the city. When it comes to fossil fuel sources, the cost of the necessary fuel impacts rates, too.

Market dynamics are also significant factors in electricity prices. Texas operates its electricity market independently, known as the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), keeping it mostly free from federal regulation and open to competition among many retail electric providers within the region. Because it’s a deregulated energy market, the electric companies are free to set lower and higher rates.

Live in Texas?
Learn more about Just Energy’s Texas Buyback program

Does Houston Have Demand-Based Electricity Plans to Help Save on Costs?

Yes, some Houston electricity providers offer time-of-use or peak/off-peak plans. These plans can help you save on energy costs by shifting your energy usage to non-peak hours.

Non-peak hours are when the demand on the Houston energy grid is at its lowest — typically in the evening. Peak hours, on the other hand, are during the daytime when electricity demand is highest. During non-peak hours, you’ll most likely get the lowest rates for electricity.

You can use these pricing setups to your advantage by shifting all your high-energy-consuming tasks to off-peak hours. Some ways to pull this off include running washing machines and dishwashers at night. You can also save charging devices and electric vehicles (EVs) for off-peak hours. Some electric vehicles even include a scheduling feature that allows you to plug in the vehicle, but it won’t start charging until you reach off-peak hours.

By focusing your highest demand on off-peak hours, you can take advantage of the lower rates and reduce your overall monthly bills.

Remember, using a time-of-use plan to reduce your energy bills requires you to closely monitor your energy needs and align them with the designated hours. However, with the right plan, the potential savings can make it well worth the time invested to change your daily routine.

Switch Plans Anytime, With Zero Fees

Say goodbye to restrictions and hello to freedom. Switch your plan anytime, at zero cost, and discover the perfect energy fit for your lifestyle.

What Are Some Common Mistakes When Trying to Find Cheap Electricity in Houston?

Finding cheap electricity in Houston is important for maintaining your budget, but avoiding common mistakes that increase your energy costs is crucial. Let’s review some of the common pitfalls so you can avoid them.

Signing Long-Term Contracts

One mistake to avoid is signing up for a long-term contract without reviewing the terms and early-termination fees. A great way to save on energy costs is having the flexibility to move between companies as rates change. With a contract that includes a long term length, you greatly limit your flexibility.

Not Regularly Reviewing Different Plans

A big mistake people make is getting comfortable with their energy provider and not regularly reviewing their plan compared to other providers’ energy plans, offers, and promotions. By staying up to date on the latest energy rates and comparing other energy options to your current electricity service, you can ensure you are getting the best deal possible.

Shopping by Price Only

It’s very easy to get lured in by a super low energy rate without checking other factors, such as customer service ratings. This could get you lower energy bills, but you may also get stuck in a contract with an unhelpful energy company. Always consider these more subjective factors when shopping for the best electricity plan.

It’s crucial to balance your focus on getting the best prices from the best electric companies in Houston.

Find Affordable Electricity in Houston

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‘Sometimes nature will surprise us.’ Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux on eureka moments and the future of neutrino physics – Physics World

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‘Sometimes nature will surprise us.’ Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux on eureka moments and the future of neutrino physics – Physics World






‘Sometimes nature will surprise us.’ Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux on eureka moments and the future of neutrino physics – Physics World




















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Lubricants used in Bearings and their Properties

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Lubricants used in Bearings and their Properties

The lubricants are used in bearings to reduce friction between the rubbing surfaces and to carry away the heat generated by friction. In the previous article, we discussed the different types of Bearings. Sliding Contact Bearings are one of the types of bearings depending upon the nature of contact. Wedge Film Journal Bearings are Hydrodynamic Lubricated Bearings that come under Sliding Contact Bearings. Let us discuss the different Lubricants used in Bearings and their Properties.

Lubricants used in Bearings and their PropertiesLubricants used in Bearings and their Properties

A bearing is a machine element that supports another moving machine element known as a journal. It enables a relative motion between the contact surfaces of the members while carrying the load. While doing so a certain amount of power is wasted in overcoming frictional resistance due to the relative motion between the contact surfaces.

A little consideration will show that a certain amount of power is wasted in overcoming frictional resistance due to the relative motion between the contact surfaces. There will be rapid wear if the rubbing surfaces are in direct contact. To reduce frictional resistance and wear and sometimes to carry away the heat generated, a layer of fluid known as lubricant may be provided. The lubricant used to separate the journal and bearing is usually a mineral oil refined from petroleum, but vegetable oils, silicon oils, greases, etc., may be used.

Lubricants used in Bearings

The lubricants are used in bearings to reduce friction between the rubbing surfaces and to carry away the heat generated by friction. It also protects the bearing against corrosion. All lubricants are classified into the following three groups:

  1. Liquid
  2. Semi-liquid
  3. Solid

The liquid lubricants usually used in bearings are mineral oils and synthetic oils. The mineral oils are most commonly used because of their cheapness and stability. Liquid lubricants are usually preferred where they may be retained.

Grease is a semi-liquid lubricant having a higher viscosity than oils. The greases are employed where slow speed and heavy pressure exist and where oil drip from the bearing is undesirable.

Solid lubricants are useful in reducing friction where oil films cannot be maintained because of pressures or temperatures. They should be softer than the materials being lubricated. Graphite is the most common of the solid lubricants either alone or mixed with oil or grease.

Properties of Lubricants

1. Viscosity

It is the measure of the degree of fluidity of a liquid. It is a physical property by which an oil can form, retain, and offer resistance to shearing a buffer film under heat and pressure. The greater the heat and pressure, the greater viscosity is required of a lubricant to prevent thinning and squeezing out of the film.

The fundamental meaning of viscosity may be understood by considering a flat plate moving under a force P parallel to a stationary plate, the two plates being separated by a thin film of a fluid lubricant of thickness h, as shown in the following figure.

Lubricants used in Bearings and their PropertiesLubricants used in Bearings and their Properties
Viscosity

The particles of the lubricant adhere strongly to the moving and stationary plates. The motion is accompanied by a linear slip or shear between the particles throughout the entire height (h) of the film thickness. If A is the area of the plate in contact with the lubricant, then the unit shear stress is given by

τ = P / A

According to Newton’s law of viscous flow, the magnitude of this shear stress varies directly with the velocity gradient (dV / dy). It is assumed that

  • The lubricant completely fills the space between the two surfaces
  • The velocity of the lubricant at each surface is the same as that of the surface
  • Any flow of the lubricant perpendicular to the velocity of the plate is negligible

where Z is a constant of proportionality and is known as the absolute viscosity (or simply viscosity) of the lubricant.

When the thickness of the fluid lubricant is small which is the case for bearings, then the velocity gradient is very nearly constant as shown in the above figure, so that

Let us substitute in the above equation

When τ is in N/m2, h is in metres and V is in m/s, then the unit of absolute viscosity is given by

However, the common practice is to express the absolute viscosity in mass units, such that

Thus the unit of absolute viscosity in S.I. units is kg / m-s.

The viscosity of the lubricant is measured by Saybolt universal viscometer. It determines the time required for a standard volume of oil at a certain temperature to flow under a certain head through a tube of standard diameter and length. The time so determined in seconds is the Saybolt universal viscosity. In order to convert Saybolt universal viscosity in seconds to absolute viscosity (in kg / m-s), the following formula may be used:

Z = Specific gravity of oil (0.00022S – (0.18 / S) kg / m-s

Where
Z = Absolute viscosity at temperature t in kg / m-s
S = Saybolt universal viscosity in seconds

The variation of absolute viscosity with temperature for commonly used lubricating oils is shown in the following Table.

S. No. Type of oil Absolute viscosity in kg / m-s at a temperature in °C
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90
1 SAE 10 0.05 0.036 0.027 0.0245 0.021 0.017 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.005
2 SAE 20 0.069 0.055 0.042 0.034 0.027 0.023 0.02 0.017 0.014 0.011 0.01 0.0075
3 SAE 30 0.13 0.1 0.078 0.057 0.048 0.04 0.034 0.027 0.022 0.019 0.016 0.01
4 SAE 40 0.21 0.17 0.12 0.096 0.78 0.06 0.046 0.04 0.034 0.027| 0.022 0.013
5 SAE 50 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.076 0.06 0.05 0.038 0.034 0.02
6 SAE 60 0.45 0.32 0.27 0.2 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.072 0.057 0.046 0.04 0.025
7 SAE 70 1 0.69 0.45 0.31 0.21 0.165 0.12 0.087 0.067 0.052 0.043 0.033

2. Oiliness

It is a joint property of the lubricant and the bearing surfaces in contact. It is a measure of the lubricating qualities under boundary conditions where base metal to metal is prevented only by absorbed film. There is no absolute measure of oiliness.

3. Density

This property has no relation to lubricating value but is useful in changing the kinematic viscosity to absolute viscosity. Mathematically

Absolute viscosity = ρ × Kinematic viscosity (in m2/s)

where ρ = Density of the lubricating oil.

The density of most of the oils at 15.5°C varies from 860 to 950 kg / m3 (the average value may be taken as 900 kg / m3 ). The density at any other temperature (t) may be obtained from the following relation, i.e.

ρt = ρ15.5 – 0.000657t

where ρ15.5 = Density of oil at 15.5° C

4. Viscosity index

The term viscosity index is used to denote the degree of variation of viscosity with temperature.

5. Flash point

It is the lowest temperature at which an oil gives off sufficient vapor to support a momentary flash without actually setting fire to the oil when a flame is brought within 6 mm at the surface of the oil.

6. Fire point

It is the temperature at which an oil gives off sufficient vapor to burn it continuously when ignited.

7. Pour point or freezing point

It is the temperature at which an oil will cease to flow when cooled.

Bidding Farewell to Jay Eastman

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Bidding Farewell to Jay Eastman

With heavy hearts we announce the passing of our dear colleague, RRPC board member and AmeriCOM board member, Jay Eastman.

Jay was the best of possible partners: upbeat, creative, enthusiastic, always eager to say “let’s get it done” once he had a vision there was no stopping him. Jay’s ability to strategize, collaborate and create are what made him the clear winner of the 2014 RRPC Leadership Award.

During the past decade, Jay helped formulate and lobby for the American Center for Optics Manufacturing (AmeriCOM) both in Rochester and on Capitol Hill. AmeriCOM would not exist today we’re at not for Jay’s unflagging and enthusiastic support. Words are inadequate to express how much he will be missed.

It is with sadness that the family of Jay Morgan Eastman announces his passing on April 20, 2023 at the age of 74 after a short illness. He is predeceased by his parents, Wesley and Evelyn (Morgan) Eastman, his brother-in-law Robert Wayne and his father-in-law William K. Wayne.

Bidding Farewell to Jay Eastman
Jay was the husband of Linda Eastman for 51 years, and the father of Sarah (Michael) Newman and Zachary (Suzanna) Eastman. He is also survived by his grandchildren Andrew, Morgan, Reese and Evan Newman, and Julia, Wesley and William Eastman; his brothers and sisters in-laws including Dr. Stephen and Elizabeth Fantone, Cynthia Wayne, William and Nancy Wayne, Andrew (Michelle DeBolt) Wayne, mother-in-law Mary Wayne and several nieces and nephews.

Jay earned his Ph.D. in Optical Engineering from the University of Rochester in 1974. Upon graduation he accepted a position in Mt View, CA. He returned to Rochester to manage the engineering division of the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics where he later became the Director.

He was a serial entrepreneur having founded three companies. Jay was an inventor or co-inventor on 48 issued U.S. patents. At the time of his death he was the co-founder with his son of Optel, Inc., a company focused on developing and manufacturing medical devices for third party medical companies.
Jay was on the Board of Directors of The National Women’s Hall of Fame in his home town of Seneca Falls. He was a member of The Optical Society of America, SPIE and the Rochester Engineering Society. In 1997 he received the Leo H. East Memorial Engineer of the Year Award.

He enjoyed spending time on Cayuga Lake, racing cars, traveling the world, grandchildren, family gatherings, plays, concerts and expanding his knowledge. His talents knew no limits; he could build or repair anything.

The family will receive friends for a celebration of Jay’s life on May 7, 2023 from 1-4pm at Locust Hill Country Club, 200 Jefferson Road, Pittsford NY 14534.

In lieu of flowers, donations in Jay’s name are welcomed to The National Women’s Hall of Fame, 1 Canal St., Seneca Falls, NY 13148; Tunnel to Towers Foundation, 2361 Hylan Blvd., Staten Island NY 10306 (www.tunnel2towers.org) or Rochester Community Inclusive Rowing, 20 Black Creek Rd., Rochester, NY 14623.

Home of the Brave (Black 47 album): Difference between revisions

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Home of the Brave (Black 47 album): Difference between revisions

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”[[The Boston Globe]]” stated that “songs spiced with tin whistles and pipes abut cuts with driving drums and raging guitars… It’s a sound that ranges from jubilant to mournful”.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saunders |first1=Michael |title=Black 47 Home of the Brave |work=The Boston Globe |date=October 20, 1994 |department=Calendar |page=19}}</ref> ”[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]” called the album “another glorious blast of Celtic-flavored rock and roll, with dollops of rap and reggae.”<ref name=”PI”>{{cite news |last1=Cristiano |first1=Nick |title=Black 47 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=November 4, 1994 |department=Features Weekend |page=15}}</ref> ”[[The Washington Post]]” opined that “Black’s sound is so gimmicky: Celtic-rock given an arena-metal swagger and embroidered with Latin, reggae and hip-hop elements designed to reflect the group’s Lower East Side residence.”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jenkins |first1=Mark |title=Black 47’s Irish Rage Lost in Gimmickry |work=The Washington Post |date=November 11, 1994 |page=N20}}</ref>

”[[The Boston Globe]]” stated that “songs spiced with tin whistles and pipes abut cuts with driving drums and raging guitars… It’s a sound that ranges from jubilant to mournful”.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saunders |first1=Michael |title=Black 47 Home of the Brave |work=The Boston Globe |date=October 20, 1994 |department=Calendar |page=19}}</ref> ”[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]” called the album “another glorious blast of Celtic-flavored rock and roll, with dollops of rap and reggae.”<ref name=”PI”>{{cite news |last1=Cristiano |first1=Nick |title=Black 47 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=November 4, 1994 |department=Features Weekend |page=15}}</ref> ”[[The Washington Post]]” opined that “Black’s sound is so gimmicky: Celtic-rock given an arena-metal swagger and embroidered with Latin, reggae and hip-hop elements designed to reflect the group’s Lower East Side residence.”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jenkins |first1=Mark |title=Black 47’s Irish Rage Lost in Gimmickry |work=The Washington Post |date=November 11, 1994 |page=N20}}</ref>

The ”[[Chicago Tribune]]” concluded that “Larry Kirwan’s running commentaries on the Irish immigrant’s adjustment to American life fare well from his playwright’s sense of dialogue.”<ref name=CT/> The ”[[Knoxville News Sentinel]]” said that ”Home of the Brave” “goes on entirely too long … retracing its steps and sounding the same notes.”<ref name=KN/> [[Buddy Seigal]], of the ”[[Los Angeles Times]]”, listed ”Home of the Brave” as the second best album of 1994.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seigal |first1=Buddy |title=1994: The Year in Review |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 29, 1994 |page=F3}}</ref>

The ”[[Chicago Tribune]]” concluded that “Larry Kirwan’s running commentaries on the Irish immigrant’s adjustment to American life fare well from his playwright’s sense of dialogue.”<ref name=CT/> The ”[[Knoxville News Sentinel]]” said that ”Home of the Brave” “goes on entirely too long … retracing its steps and sounding the same notes.”<ref name=KN/> [[Buddy Seigal]], of the ”[[Los Angeles Times]]”, listed ”Home of the Brave” as the second best album of 1994.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seigal |first1=Buddy |title=1994: The Year in Review |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 29, 1994 |page=F3}}</ref>

==Track listing==

==Track listing==

Latest revision as of 14:20, 17 October 2024

1994 studio album by Black 47

Home of the Brave is an album by the American band Black 47, released in 1994.[1][2] The band supported the album with a North American tour.[3]

The album was produced by frontman Larry Kirwan and Jerry Harrison.[4] Kirwan wrote 15 of the album’s 16 songs.[4] “Who Killed Bobby Fuller?” concerns a man trying to solve Bobby Fuller’s murder, in order to impress a woman.[5] “The Big Fellah” is about the Irish revolutionary Michael Collins.[6] “Oh Maureen” describes Kirwan’s love for a woman who is married.[7] Winds musician Chris Byrne rapped on “Time to Go”, about political conflict in Ireland.[8]

The Boston Globe stated that “songs spiced with tin whistles and pipes abut cuts with driving drums and raging guitars… It’s a sound that ranges from jubilant to mournful”.[10] The Philadelphia Inquirer called the album “another glorious blast of Celtic-flavored rock and roll, with dollops of rap and reggae.”[5] The Washington Post opined that “Black’s sound is so gimmicky: Celtic-rock given an arena-metal swagger and embroidered with Latin, reggae and hip-hop elements designed to reflect the group’s Lower East Side residence.”[11]

The Chicago Tribune concluded that “Larry Kirwan’s running commentaries on the Irish immigrant’s adjustment to American life fare well from his playwright’s sense of dialogue.”[9] The Knoxville News Sentinel said that Home of the Brave “goes on entirely too long … retracing its steps and sounding the same notes.”[7] Buddy Seigal, of the Los Angeles Times, listed Home of the Brave as the second best album of 1994.[12] USA Today considered it one of 1994’s “overlooked gems”.[13]

Title
1. “The Big Fellah”  
2. “Oh Maureen”  
3. “Losin’ It”  
4. “Paul Robeson (Born to Be Free)”  
5. “Road to Ruin”  
6. “Black Rose”  
7. “Blood Wedding”  
8. “Carlita’s Revenge”  
9. “Who Killed Bobby Fuller?”  
10. “Different Drummer”  
11. “Danny Boy”  
12. “Voodoo City”  
13. “Time to Go”  
14. “Go Home Paddy”  
15. “Too Late to Turn Back”  
16. “American Wake”  
  1. ^ Sprague, David (October 16, 1994). “Rocking of the Green”. Fanfare. Newsday. p. 23.
  2. ^ Marsh, Dave (January 1995). “Home of the Brave by Black 47”. Playboy. Vol. 42, no. 1. p. 25.
  3. ^ Bream, Jon (November 18, 1994). “Black 47”. Star Tribune. p. 15E.
  4. ^ a b Renzhofer, Martin (November 24, 1994). “Black 47 Pounds Home Music and Message”. The Salt Lake Tribune. p. J2.
  5. ^ a b Cristiano, Nick (November 4, 1994). “Black 47”. Features Weekend. The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 15.
  6. ^ Toombs, Mikel (November 24, 1994). “Album Reviews”. Entertainment. The San Diego Union-Tribune. p. 16.
  7. ^ a b c Campbell, Chuck (December 2, 1994). “‘Home of the Brave’, Black 47″. Detours. Knoxville News Sentinel. p. 3.
  8. ^ a b Konz, Joe (December 9, 1994). “Black 47 ‘Home of the Brave’“. The Indianapolis Star. p. E7.
  9. ^ a b Webber, Brad (November 17, 1994). “Black 47 Home of the Brave”. Tempo. Chicago Tribune. p. 7.
  10. ^ Saunders, Michael (October 20, 1994). “Black 47 Home of the Brave”. Calendar. The Boston Globe. p. 19.
  11. ^ Jenkins, Mark (November 11, 1994). “Black 47’s Irish Rage Lost in Gimmickry”. The Washington Post. p. N20.
  12. ^ Seigal, Buddy (December 29, 1994). “1994: The Year in Review”. Los Angeles Times. p. F3.
  13. ^ Gundersen, Edna (January 3, 1995). “Among the best, seldom-heard music of 1994”. USA Today. p. 6D.

Home of the Brave (Black 47 album): Difference between revisions

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