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What is Wrench and Its Uses?

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What is Wrench and Its Uses?

Introduction:

Whether it’s automotive industry, plumbing, aerospace, and any manufacturing industry where machineries are present, all of them uses wrench as a fundamental tool for their maintenance work. Without them, the task of repair can not be imagined. If you don’t know what is wrench and its uses then you have arrived at correct place to know about it. Here we will discuss it definition, uses and types in brief. So, lets begin our research on Wrenches. 

What is a Wrench?

We can define a wrench or spanner as a tool that is used to applying turning force on those fasteners which are rotating. If we talk in more simple words then a wrench uses turning force to open or closes nuts and bolts. Spanner is other name of the wrench by which it is known in many countries.

 

What is Wrench and Its Uses?
What is wrench?

Uses of  Wrench

  • Wrenches are used to loosen or tighten the nuts and bolts, and pipe or any cylindrical object which can rotate.
  • It is used in the Plumbing industries to fit pipes.
  • Wrenches are most commonly used in automotive industries for the repair of vehicles. Without Spanners, the repair of your favourite car is not possible
  • It is used in almost every manufacturing industries having machineries.

Also Read: 

Types of  Wrench

Types of Wrench

 

Open-end Wrench

In this wrench, both ends are open. It is used to open nuts and bolts where space is limited.

Box-Ended Wrench

Its both ends are closed. It is used to open nuts and bolts without slipping.

Combination Wrench

Its one end is open and other is closed. In this wrench, the open end is most commonly used to loosen the nuts and bolts and the box end or closed end, is used to complete loosening of nuts and bolts.

Torque Wrench

This wrench is used to tighten nuts and bolts, which requires predefined value of torque.

Adjustable Wrench

Adjustable wrenches are used to open a wide variety of nuts and bolts. Its size can be adjusted according to your need.

Crowfoot Wrench

Crowfoot wrenches do not have handle and they are made to fit with Ratchet. They are used to operate nuts and bolts which are in very tight space and other types of wrenches fail to work.

Ratcheting Wrench

These wrenches are used to open nuts and bolts without repositioning the wrench again and again. You have reposition it once then you can turn it to open and close the fasteners.

Pedal Wrench

Pedal Wrenches are used to operate pedals of bike or bicycle during its repair and transportation.

Pipe Wrench

These wrenches are made open and closes pipes in plumbing industries.

Striking Wrench

Striking wrenches are used to open nuts and bolts which get stuck and can not be opened by any other wrench. After setting the striking the wrench on the fasteners, you hammered its other end to open the stucked nuts and bolts.

Conclusion

We have discussed What is Wrench and Its Uses. If you have any doubt regarding the information above then, don’t forget to comment.

Is Energy a Good Career Path in 2024? 25 Best Paying Jobs in Energy

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Is Energy a Good Career Path in 2024? 25 Best Paying Jobs in Energy

Is energy career a good career path in 2023? With the wild fluctuations in gas and oil prices due to the ongoing war in Ukraine and worsening relationships between Russia and the West, young people may face an even more difficult choice about pursuing a career in the energy industry. The instability in prices and the global political climate can create an uncertain job market, making it challenging to predict future job opportunities and economic stability in the energy sector.

Moreover, the current climate crisis has highlighted the urgent need for a transition to clean energy sources, which could make traditional fossil fuel industries less attractive to those seeking long-term career prospects. As such, young people may need to weigh the potential financial benefits of a career in energy against the potential risks and uncertainties presented by the current geopolitical and environmental factors.

Is energy a good career path? Let us help you make an informed decision with this article! Here’s what’s going to be covered:

Is Energy a Good Career Path?

The short answer is yes. A world without energy is an impossible thought due to the advancement of technology, it is essential in almost every aspect of our modern lives.  The opportunities for energy career progression are limitless. Energy is an established, well-paid, and most importantly, constantly growing and evolving career field.

Energy can be a good career path for individuals who are interested in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields and who want to work in an industry that is essential to modern society. The energy sector encompasses a wide range of industries, including oil and gas, electricity, renewable energy, and energy efficiency. There are many different career paths available within the energy sector, including research and development, engineering, operations, and management.

One advantage of a career in energy is that it is a growing field with a high demand for skilled professionals. The transition to renewable energy sources and the need to modernize and upgrade energy infrastructure are creating many job opportunities in the sector. In addition, the energy sector offers competitive salaries and benefits, and it can be a rewarding career for individuals who are passionate about making a positive impact on the world.

If you are considering a career in energy, it is important to have a strong foundation in STEM subjects and to pursue relevant education and training. There are many degree programs available in energy-related fields, such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and energy policy. You may also want to consider gaining hands-on experience through internships or co-op programs. With the right education and experience, a career in energy can be a fulfilling and rewarding path.

Energy is a technical, highly specialized field that mostly requires a post-graduate degree. However, there are exceptions to this as some educational institutions run energy programmes that allow students to progress into the energy field without the advanced qualification.

Is Energy a Good Career Path in 2024? 25 Best Paying Jobs in Energy

Does the energy industry pay well?

 

The energy industry can be a lucrative field for professionals with the right skills and experience. Some jobs in the energy industry, such as those that require specialized technical expertise or advanced education, can pay very well. For example, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wage for petroleum engineers was $137,170 in May 2020, while the median annual wage for wind turbine technicians was $53,880.

However, it’s important to note that the pay in the energy industry can vary significantly depending on a number of factors, including the specific job, the level of education and experience required, the location of the job, and the specific company or organization. Some jobs in the energy industry may pay less than the median wage for all occupations, while others may pay significantly more.

Overall, the energy industry is likely to continue to be an important and growing field, with many opportunities for professionals with the right skills and experience. If you’re considering a career in the energy industry, it’s a good idea to research the specific job you’re interested in and to consider the potential earning potential and other factors that may impact your pay.

 

Are energy engineers in demand?

Absolutely! The future of energy is evolving every day, as drastic changes are being made to the global energy landscape. This is good news for energy engineers as jobs are multiplying. Energy engineers can be found at every point in the energy cycle. They can work directly on an oil rig, where the oil is refined, at an electrical energy pylon, the electrical grid and pretty much anywhere else other forms of energy are being created or harnessed.

Demand for energy engineers varies depending on a variety of factors, including the state of the economy, technological advancements, and energy market trends. In general, there is expected to be strong demand for energy engineers in the coming years due to the increasing need for sustainable and reliable energy sources.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of energy engineers is projected to grow 6% from 2019 to 2029, which is faster than the average for all occupations. The BLS notes that advances in technology and the increasing focus on renewable energy sources will likely drive demand for energy engineers.

There may be particularly strong demand for energy engineers with expertise in renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, as well as energy efficiency and conservation. Energy engineers with advanced degrees and specialized skills may also have better job prospects.

Overall, a career as an energy engineer can be a good choice for those interested in science, technology, engineering, and the energy industry. It is important to keep in mind that demand for energy engineers may vary depending on location and other factors.

What opportunities are available for a career in energy?

The energy industry offers a wide range of career opportunities for people with a variety of skills and interests. Some of the positions that are commonly found in the energy industry include:

  1. Energy engineer: Energy engineers design, develop, and manage systems and technologies for the production, distribution, and use of energy. They may work in power plants, renewable energy facilities, oil and gas companies, and government agencies.
  2. Energy analyst: Energy analysts study and analyze data related to energy markets and trends, and use this information to make recommendations for improving energy efficiency and reducing costs. They may work for energy companies, consulting firms, or government agencies.
  3. Energy policy specialist: Energy policy specialists help to shape and implement policies related to energy production, distribution, and use. They may work for government agencies, non-profit organizations, or private companies.
  4. Renewable energy technician: Renewable energy technicians install, maintain, and repair equipment used to generate renewable energy, such as solar panels and wind turbines. They may work for renewable energy companies or contractors.
  5. Energy project manager: Energy project managers plan and oversee energy-related projects, such as the construction of a new power plant or the implementation of an energy efficiency program. They may work for energy companies, consulting firms, or government agencies.

This is just a small sample of the many career opportunities available in the energy industry. Other positions include energy traders, energy lawyers, energy consultants, and more. There are also many different types of energy-related research and development positions available for those with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, or a related field.

To get a general idea of the types of jobs available in energy, check out our 25 best paying jobs in energy. The biggest energy companies in the world are, obviously, the biggest employers of energy engineers. The likes of Shell, BP, Exxon Mobil, EON, British Gas and National Grid among many others are the main companies that energy engineers could be looking to for employment.

Any one of these companies have the resources and have multiple ventures in various fields all over the world, and they need the correct workforce to ensure all of their projects get completed successfully.

1. Is Energy a good career path? Energy plant.
Source: Pexels

Government departments and various networks of suppliers also make up the career options for energy engineers. They also carry a wide range of opportunities for energy engineers and those alike who have an interest in working in the energy field.

What engineering opportunities are available for a career in energy?

The energy industry offers a wide range of engineering career opportunities for people with a variety of skills and interests. Some examples of engineering positions that are commonly found in the energy industry include:

  1. Energy systems engineer: Energy systems engineers design, develop, and manage systems and technologies for the production, distribution, and use of energy. They may work in power plants, renewable energy facilities, oil and gas companies, and government agencies.
  2. Renewable energy engineer: Renewable energy engineers design and develop systems and technologies for generating renewable energy, such as solar panels, wind turbines, and biofuel facilities. They may work for renewable energy companies or contractors.
  3. Power system engineer: Power system engineers design and manage systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing electricity. They may work for utility companies, consulting firms, or government agencies.
  4. Petroleum engineer: Petroleum engineers design and develop systems for extracting and producing oil and natural gas. They may work for oil and gas companies or contractors.
  5. Energy efficiency engineer: Energy efficiency engineers design and develop systems and technologies to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. They may work for energy companies, consulting firms, or government agencies.

This is just a small sample of the many engineering career opportunities available in the energy industry. Other positions include energy systems analysts, energy project managers, energy researchers, and more. There are also many different types of energy-related research and development positions available for those with advanced degrees in engineering or a related field.

What Are the Best Paying Jobs in Energy?

Drilling Supervisor

 

A drilling supervisor is a professional who is responsible for overseeing the drilling operations of a well or a series of wells. The primary role of a drilling supervisor is to ensure that drilling operations are conducted safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and industry standards.

Drilling supervisors are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of drilling techniques and equipment, as well as the geology and geophysics of the area where they are working. They may work in a variety of settings, including onshore and offshore drilling platforms, in oil and gas fields, and in the mining industry.

The specific duties of a drilling supervisor may vary depending on the type of drilling operations they are overseeing and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a drilling supervisor may include:

  • Planning and organizing drilling operations, including developing drilling plans and budgets, scheduling personnel and equipment, and ensuring that all necessary supplies and materials are available
  • Overseeing the drilling process, including monitoring the drilling rig and equipment, troubleshooting problems, and making adjustments as needed to optimize drilling performance
  • Ensuring that drilling operations are conducted safely, including enforcing safety rules and procedures, conducting safety inspections, and responding to emergencies
  • Maintaining accurate records of drilling operations, including data on drilling progress, equipment performance, and costs
  • Coordinating with other professionals, such as geologists, engineers, and contractors, to ensure that drilling operations are conducted efficiently and effectively

A drilling supervisor may work for an oil and gas company, a drilling contractor, or a mining company. They may also work for a government agency or a consulting firm. To become a drilling supervisor, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering or a related field and several years of experience in drilling or a related industry. Some drilling supervisors also hold advanced degrees or professional certifications.

Drilling supervisors are paid on average $148,500 in the US (£109,250 in the UK).

Wind Farm Site Manager

 

A wind farm site manager is a professional who is responsible for managing the operations and maintenance of a wind farm, which is a group of wind turbines used to generate electricity. The primary role of a wind farm site manager is to ensure that the wind farm is operating efficiently and safely, and to coordinate all activities related to the maintenance and repair of the wind turbines.

Wind farm site managers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of wind energy technology and operations, as well as the electrical systems and mechanical components of wind turbines. They may work in a variety of settings, including onshore and offshore wind farms, and may be responsible for managing a small or large number of wind turbines.

The specific duties of a wind farm site manager may vary depending on the size and location of the wind farm and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a wind farm site manager may include:

  • Planning and coordinating the operation and maintenance of the wind farm, including scheduling personnel and equipment, ordering supplies and materials, and monitoring the performance of the wind turbines
  • Ensuring that the wind farm is operating efficiently and safely, including monitoring and analyzing data on wind turbine performance, troubleshooting problems, and making adjustments as needed
  • Overseeing the maintenance and repair of wind turbines, including developing and implementing maintenance plans, coordinating with contractors and technicians, and ensuring that all maintenance activities are completed safely and efficiently
  • Managing budgets and financial records related to the operation and maintenance of the wind farm
  • Coordinating with other professionals, such as engineers, technicians, and regulatory agencies, to ensure that the wind farm is operating in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards

A wind farm site manager may work for a wind energy company, a utility company, or a government agency. To become a wind farm site manager, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering or a related field and several years of experience in wind energy or a related industry. Some wind farm site managers also hold advanced degrees or professional certifications.

Wind farm site managers are paid on average $105,000 in the US (£76,725 in the UK).

Green Construction Manager

 

A green construction manager is a professional who is responsible for overseeing the construction of buildings or other structures in an environmentally sustainable manner. The primary role of a green construction manager is to ensure that all aspects of the construction process, from design to materials selection to waste management, are designed and implemented in a way that minimizes the environmental impact of the project.

Green construction managers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of sustainable building practices and technologies, as well as the principles of project management. They may work on a variety of construction projects, including commercial, residential, and industrial buildings, and may be responsible for managing small or large teams of workers and contractors.

The specific duties of a green construction manager may vary depending on the size and scope of the construction project and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a green construction manager may include:

  • Developing and implementing a sustainability plan for the construction project, including setting goals, identifying and evaluating potential materials and techniques, and coordinating with other professionals to ensure that the plan is implemented effectively
  • Overseeing the construction process, including managing schedules, budgets, and resources, coordinating with contractors and suppliers, and ensuring that all work is completed safely and efficiently
  • Ensuring that the construction project is in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards, including building codes and environmental regulations
  • Monitoring and analyzing data on the environmental performance of the construction project, including energy use, water consumption, and waste generation, and making adjustments as needed to optimize performance
  • Coordinating with other professionals, such as architects, engineers, and sustainability consultants, to ensure that the construction project meets all sustainability goals and objectives

A green construction manager may work for a construction company, an engineering firm, or a sustainability consulting firm. To become a green construction manager, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering, construction management, or a related field and several years of experience in the construction industry. Some green construction managers also hold advanced degrees or professional certifications.

Green construction managers are paid on average $91,500 in the US (£67,250 in the UK).

mountain-wind- turbines farm

Geoscientist

 

Geoscientists are professionals who study the earth and its physical processes, including the earth’s composition, structure, and history. They use a variety of tools and techniques, including fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and computer modeling, to understand the earth’s natural systems and resources.

Geoscientists work in a variety of fields, including oil and gas exploration, mineral resource development, environmental science, and natural hazard assessment. They may also work in academic or government research settings.

The specific duties of a geoscientist may vary depending on their area of specialization and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a geoscientist may include:

  • Conducting fieldwork to collect data on geologic features and processes, including drilling, sampling, and mapping
  • Analyzing data using a variety of tools and techniques, including laboratory analysis and computer modeling
  • Interpreting data to understand the earth’s composition, structure, and history, and to identify and evaluate natural resources and hazards
  • Communicating research findings through reports, presentations, and scientific papers
  • Advising clients or decision-makers on issues related to geology and the earth’s natural systems and resources
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, environmentalists, and policy makers, to address issues related to geology and the earth’s natural systems and resources

To become a geoscientist, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in geology or a related field, such as earth science or environmental science. Some geoscientists also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree or a PhD, and may have specialized training in a particular area of geology. Many geoscientists also hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Professional Geologist (CPG) credential offered by the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG).

Geoscientists are paid on average $91,000 in the US (£66,500 in the UK).

Civil Engineer

 

Civil engineers are professionals who design, build, and maintain the infrastructure that supports modern society, including roads, bridges, buildings, water and sewage systems, and other structures. They use a variety of tools and techniques, including computer modeling and simulation, to design and analyze structures and systems, and to manage construction projects.

Civil engineers work in a variety of settings, including consulting firms, government agencies, and construction companies. They may also work in academic or research settings.

The specific duties of a civil engineer may vary depending on their area of specialization and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a civil engineer may include:

  • Designing and analyzing structures and systems using a variety of tools and techniques, including computer modeling and simulation
  • Developing construction plans and specifications, including budgets and schedules
  • Overseeing construction projects, including managing personnel and resources, coordinating with contractors and suppliers, and ensuring that work is completed safely and efficiently
  • Inspecting construction sites to ensure that work is being completed in accordance with plans and specifications
  • Maintaining accurate records of construction projects, including data on progress, costs, and any issues or challenges that arise
  • Advising clients or decision-makers on issues related to civil engineering and the design and construction of structures and systems
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as architects, engineers, and environmental scientists, to address issues related to civil engineering and the design and construction of structures and systems

To become a civil engineer, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering or a related field. Some civil engineers also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree or a PhD, and may have specialized training in a particular area of civil engineering. Many civil engineers also hold professional certifications, such as the Professional Engineer (PE) credential offered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES).

Civil engineers are paid on average $86,500 in the US (£63,000 in the UK).

hydroelectricity power station

Financial Analyst For Renewable Energy Companies

 

As the energy field is still quite new and in its infancy, they will still be increasing their energy efficiency, carrying out analyses of investments, calculating the returns from these investments, and marketing their services. They will lean on financial analysts for these tasks as this is most definitely outside of the realm of engineering.

A financial analyst for renewable energy companies is a professional who analyzes the financial performance and potential of renewable energy companies and projects. The primary role of a financial analyst in this field is to provide insight and recommendations to investors, decision-makers, and other stakeholders on the financial viability and risk of investing in renewable energy companies and projects.

Financial analysts in the renewable energy sector typically have a strong understanding of renewable energy technologies and markets, as well as financial analysis techniques and tools. They may work for investment firms, renewable energy companies, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a financial analyst for renewable energy companies may vary depending on the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a financial analyst in this field may include:

  • Analyzing the financial performance and potential of renewable energy companies and projects, including evaluating financial statements, analyzing market trends, and forecasting future performance
  • Providing insight and recommendations to investors, decision-makers, and other stakeholders on the financial viability and risk of investing in renewable energy companies and projects
  • Developing financial models and projections to evaluate the financial impact of different scenarios and decisions
  • Monitoring and analyzing data on renewable energy markets, including technological developments, regulatory changes, and market trends
  • Communicating findings and recommendations to clients, investors, and other stakeholders through reports, presentations, and other formats
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, policymakers, and sustainability consultants, to understand the financial implications of renewable energy projects and initiatives

To become a financial analyst for renewable energy companies, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in finance, economics, or a related field. Some financial analysts in this field also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree in business administration (MBA) or a master’s degree in finance. Many financial analysts also hold professional certifications, such as the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) credential offered by the CFA Institute.

Financial analysts are paid on average $85,000 in the US (£62,000 in the UK).

Solar Project Developer

 

A solar project developer is a professional who is responsible for developing solar energy projects, including the design, financing, construction, and operation of solar energy systems. The primary role of a solar project developer is to identify and evaluate potential solar energy projects, secure financing and approvals, and oversee the development and implementation of the projects.

Solar project developers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of solar energy technologies and markets, as well as project development and management techniques. They may work for solar energy companies, engineering firms, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a solar project developer may vary depending on the size and scope of the solar energy projects they are working on and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a solar project developer may include:

  • Identifying and evaluating potential solar energy projects, including conducting market research, analyzing site characteristics, and developing project plans
  • Securing financing and approvals for solar energy projects, including negotiating contracts with investors and utilities, and obtaining permits and other regulatory approvals
  • Overseeing the development and implementation of solar energy projects, including managing budgets and schedules, coordinating with contractors and suppliers, and ensuring that work is completed safely and efficiently
  • Monitoring and analyzing data on the performance of solar energy projects, including energy production, system efficiency, and maintenance needs
  • Communicating with clients, investors, and other stakeholders about solar energy projects, including providing updates on progress and addressing any issues or concerns
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, policymakers, and sustainability consultants, to address issues related to solar energy project development and implementation

To become a solar project developer, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering, business, or a related field. Some solar project developers also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree in business administration (MBA) or a master’s degree in renewable energy. Many solar project developers also have relevant work experience in solar energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Solar Energy Professional (CSEP) credential offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Solar project developers are paid on average $84,000 in the US (£61,500 in the UK).

Solar Power Plant Operator

 

Contrary to popular belief, solar energy installations need operators once they are installed. They do not just run on auto-pilot as many believe. All projects require one, and in larger power plants there are multiple operators all working at once to keep everything running as it should.

A solar power plant operator is a professional who is responsible for operating and maintaining solar energy facilities, including solar farms, solar panels, and other solar energy systems. The primary role of a solar power plant operator is to ensure that the solar energy facility is operating safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Solar power plant operators are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of solar energy technologies and operations, as well as electrical systems and mechanical components. They may work for solar energy companies, utility companies, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a solar power plant operator may vary depending on the size and type of solar energy facility they are responsible for and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a solar power plant operator may include:

  • Monitoring and analyzing data on the performance of the solar energy facility, including energy production, system efficiency, and maintenance needs
  • Maintaining and repairing solar energy equipment, including solar panels, inverters, and other components
  • Ensuring that the solar energy facility is operating safely and efficiently, including enforcing safety rules and procedures, conducting safety inspections, and responding to emergencies
  • Maintaining accurate records of solar energy facility operations, including data on energy production, equipment performance, and maintenance activities
  • Coordinating with other professionals, such as engineers, technicians, and regulatory agencies, to ensure that the solar energy facility is operating in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards
  • Providing training and guidance to other solar power plant operators and technicians

To become a solar power plant operator, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering, energy technology, or a related field. Some solar power plant operators also have relevant work experience in solar energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Renewable Energy Technician (CRET) credential offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Solar power plant operators are paid on average $83,000 in the US (£60,500 in the UK).

Solar panels in a large thermal circular power plant in Spain.
Solar panels in a large thermal circular power plant in Spain

Solar Project Manager

 

Similar to the above role, all solar installations require construction/project managers to ensure smooth operation. This involves keeping budgets, ensuring the schedule is correct and organizing staff so that the proper tasks are completed at the right time.

A solar project manager is a professional who is responsible for managing the development, construction, and operation of solar energy projects, including solar farms, solar panels, and other solar energy systems. The primary role of a solar project manager is to oversee the entire lifecycle of a solar energy project, from conception to completion, ensuring that the project is completed on time, within budget, and in accordance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Solar project managers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of solar energy technologies and project management techniques. They may work for solar energy companies, engineering firms, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a solar project manager may vary depending on the size and scope of the solar energy projects they are responsible for and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a solar project manager may include:

  • Developing and implementing project plans, including budgets and schedules, for solar energy projects
  • Coordinating with contractors and suppliers to ensure that solar energy projects are completed on time and within budget
  • Monitoring and analyzing data on the performance of solar energy projects, including energy production, system efficiency, and maintenance needs
  • Ensuring that solar energy projects are in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards, including building codes and environmental regulations
  • Maintaining accurate records of solar energy projects, including data on progress, costs, and any issues or challenges that arise
  • Communicating with clients, investors, and other stakeholders about solar energy projects, including providing updates on progress and addressing any issues or concerns
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, policymakers, and sustainability consultants, to address issues related to solar energy project development and implementation

To become a solar project manager, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering, business, or a related field. Some solar project managers also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree in business administration (MBA) or a master’s degree in renewable energy. Many solar project managers also have relevant work experience in solar energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Project Management Professional (PMP) credential offered by the Project Management Institute (PMI).

In addition to education and experience, solar project managers should have strong analytical, communication, and leadership skills, as well as the ability to manage budgets and schedules effectively. They should also be familiar with relevant regulations and standards related to solar energy project development and construction.

Solar project managers are paid on average $83,000 in the US (£60,500 in the UK).

Renewable Energy Consultant

 

This is one of the most technical professions on the list, and there is significant growth in these roles in the jobs market.

A renewable energy consultant is a professional who provides expert advice and guidance to clients on renewable energy technologies, markets, and policies. The primary role of a renewable energy consultant is to help clients understand the potential benefits and challenges of implementing renewable energy systems and to develop strategies for maximizing the value of renewable energy investments.

Renewable energy consultants are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of renewable energy technologies, markets, and policies, as well as expertise in areas such as energy efficiency, project development, and sustainability. They may work for renewable energy companies, consulting firms, government agencies, or non-profit organizations.

The specific duties of a renewable energy consultant may vary depending on the specific requirements of their client and the specific focus of their work. However, some common responsibilities of a renewable energy consultant may include:

  • Providing expert advice and guidance to clients on renewable energy technologies, markets, and policies
  • Conducting market research and analysis to identify opportunities for implementing renewable energy systems
  • Developing strategies and plans for maximizing the value of renewable energy investments
  • Providing support to clients during the planning, development, and implementation of renewable energy projects, including identifying and evaluating technologies, securing financing and approvals, and managing budgets and schedules
  • Monitoring and analyzing data on renewable energy markets and policies, including technological developments, regulatory changes, and market trends
  • Communicating findings and recommendations to clients, investors, and other stakeholders through reports, presentations, and other formats
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, policymakers, and financial analysts, to address issues related to renewable energy development and implementation

To become a renewable energy consultant, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering, business, or a related field. Some renewable energy consultants also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree in business administration (MBA) or a master’s degree in renewable energy. Many renewable energy consultants also have relevant work experience in renewable energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Renewable Energy Professional (CREP) credential offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Renewable energy consultants are paid on average $82,500 in the US (£60,250 in the UK).

Scientific Researcher

 

Scientific researchers in the energy field are professionals who conduct research to understand the science behind energy production, distribution, and use, and to develop new and improved energy technologies. They use a variety of tools and techniques, including laboratory experiments, fieldwork, and computer modeling, to collect and analyze data, and to develop and test new ideas and hypotheses.

Scientific researchers in the energy field may work in a variety of settings, including universities, government agencies, and private companies. They may also work in academic or government research settings.

The specific duties of a scientific researcher in the energy field may vary depending on their area of specialization and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a scientific researcher in this field may include:

  • Conducting research to understand the science behind energy production, distribution, and use, and to develop new and improved energy technologies
  • Developing research plans and proposals, including budgets and schedules, and securing funding for research projects
  • Collecting and analyzing data using a variety of tools and techniques, including laboratory experiments, fieldwork, and computer modeling
  • Developing and testing new ideas and hypotheses through experimentation and analysis
  • Communicating research findings through reports, presentations, and scientific papers
  • Collaborating with other researchers and professionals, such as engineers and policymakers, to address issues related to energy science and technology

To become a scientific researcher in the energy field, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in a scientific field, such as physics, chemistry, or engineering. Many scientific researchers in this field also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree or a PhD, and may have specialized training in a particular area of energy science and technology. Some scientific researchers in the energy field also hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Energy Manager (CEM) credential offered by the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE).

Private R&D companies and universities employ many scientific researchers as these are the places where such chemical engineers and physicists can provide the biggest impact. Solar energy in particular has seen the biggest increase in demand for research in the development of extremely efficient electric vehicle batteries.

Master’s degrees are generally required here, although many Ph.D students are also hired.

Scientific researchers are paid on average $77,000 in the US (£56,250 in the UK).

Industrial Engineer

 

Industrial engineers are professionals who use a variety of tools and techniques to design and improve systems that involve people, materials, and equipment. Industrial engineers in the energy field may work on a wide range of projects related to energy production, distribution, and use, including projects related to renewable energy, fossil fuels, and nuclear energy.

The specific duties of an industrial engineer in the energy field may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of an industrial engineer in the energy field may include:

  • Analyzing energy systems and processes to identify opportunities for improvement and efficiency
  • Developing and implementing plans to optimize energy production, distribution, and use
  • Analyzing data using a variety of tools and techniques, including computer modeling and simulation
  • Designing and testing prototypes of new energy technologies and systems
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, technicians, and managers, to address issues related to energy production, distribution, and use
  • Providing training and guidance to other industrial engineers and technicians

To become an industrial engineer in the energy field, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering or a related field. Some industrial engineers in the energy field also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree in industrial engineering or a PhD. Many industrial engineers in the energy field also have relevant work experience in energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Industrial Engineer (CIE) credential offered by the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers (IISE).

Industrial engineers are paid on average $77,000 in the US (£56,250 in the UK).

oil and gas power-plant-engineer

Solar Energy Software Developer

 

A solar energy software developer is a professional who is responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining software applications related to solar energy. The primary role of a solar energy software developer is to create software solutions that support the operation and management of solar energy systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components.

Solar energy software developers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of solar energy technologies and software development. They may work for solar energy companies, software development firms, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a solar energy software developer may vary depending on the specific requirements of their employer and the specific focus of their work. However, some common responsibilities of a solar energy software developer may include:

  • Designing, developing, and maintaining software applications related to solar energy, including applications for data management, monitoring, and analysis
  • Analyzing the needs of solar energy systems and users to identify opportunities for software development
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, technicians, and analysts, to understand the technical requirements of solar energy software applications
  • Testing and debugging solar energy software applications to ensure that they are reliable and effective
  • Maintaining documentation and user guides for solar energy software applications
  • Providing training and technical support to users of solar energy software applications

To become a solar energy software developer, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related field. Some solar energy software developers also have relevant work experience in solar energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) credential offered by the Association of Software Professionals (ASP).

Salaries for this field are quite competitive and if the candidate has a bachelor’s degree in computer science, it could be a great move for them.

Solar energy software developers are paid on average $73,000 in the US (£53,250 in the UK).

Solar Engineer

 

A solar engineer is a professional who is responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining solar energy systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components. The primary role of a solar engineer is to create and optimize solar energy systems that are reliable, efficient, and cost-effective.

Solar engineers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of solar energy technologies and engineering principles. They may work for solar energy companies, engineering firms, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a solar engineer may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a solar engineer may include:

  • Designing and developing solar energy systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components
  • Analyzing the performance and reliability of solar energy systems, including energy production, system efficiency, and maintenance needs
  • Optimizing solar energy systems to improve performance and reduce costs
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as electrical engineers, technicians, and analysts, to address issues related to solar energy systems
  • Providing technical support and guidance to users of solar energy systems
  • Maintaining documentation and user guides for solar energy systems

To become a solar engineer, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in engineering, with a focus on solar energy or a related field. Some solar engineers also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree in engineering or a PhD. Many solar engineers also have relevant work experience in solar energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Solar Energy Professional (CSEP) credential offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Opportunities for solar engineers have stayed high in recent years as electrical operators have needed added support integrating newer renewable sources of energy into the grid. Professionals with qualifications in electronic and electrical engineering will normally be the go-to candidates for these careers, as a lot of employers have a long list of projects that requires their skillset.

Solar engineers are paid on average $72,250 in the US (£52,750 in the UK).

Solar Energy Technician

 

A solar energy technician is a professional who is responsible for installing, maintaining, and repairing solar energy systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components. The primary role of a solar energy technician is to ensure that solar energy systems are operating safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Solar energy technicians are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of solar energy technologies and electrical systems. They may work for solar energy companies, electrical contractors, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a solar energy technician may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a solar energy technician may include:

  • Installing, maintaining, and repairing solar energy systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components
  • Testing and inspecting solar energy systems to ensure that they are operating safely and efficiently
  • Conducting preventive maintenance on solar energy systems to reduce the likelihood of failures and downtime
  • Identifying and troubleshooting problems with solar energy systems, and repairing or replacing faulty components as needed
  • Providing technical support and guidance to users of solar energy systems
  • Maintaining accurate records of solar energy system maintenance and repairs

To become a solar energy technician, individuals typically need to have a high school diploma or equivalent, as well as specialized training in solar energy technology and electrical systems. Some solar energy technicians also have relevant work experience in solar energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Renewable Energy Technician (CRET) credential offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Maintenance is essential in keeping all solar panels working, whether they be on residential homes or for more commercial purposes (power plants). Work experience is essential here and applicants with a background in HVAC, installing solar panels or heating will find plenty of jobs on offer. This is an interesting role as it is possibly the highest paying job on this list that doesn’t require a degree.

Solar energy technicians are paid on average $72,000 in the US (£52,500 in the UK).

Chemist

 

This may sound strange but the oil and gas sector has been a long-time employer of chemists that apply their skills to the production and treatment of specialized lubricants and fuels. The renewable and alternative sectors also require the same skillset to aid their development of biofuels.

As a chemist in the field of energy, you would be responsible for conducting research on chemical processes and materials related to energy production, storage, and use. The primary role of a chemist in the energy field is to advance our understanding of chemical reactions and materials that are relevant to energy systems and to identify and evaluate new approaches to energy generation, storage, and use.

Chemists in the energy field are typically highly skilled professionals who have a strong understanding of chemistry and scientific research methods. They may work for universities, research institutions, government agencies, or private companies.

The specific duties of a chemist in the energy field may vary depending on the specific focus of their research and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a chemist in the energy field may include:

  • Conducting research on chemical processes and materials related to energy production, storage, and use
  • Analyzing data using a variety of tools and techniques, including laboratory analysis and computer modeling
  • Interpreting research findings and developing hypotheses and theories about energy systems and technologies
  • Communicating research findings through reports, presentations, and scientific papers
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, policymakers, and sustainability consultants, to address issues related to energy research and development
  • Supervising and mentoring junior researchers and graduate students

To become a chemist in the energy field, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in chemistry or a related field. Many chemists in the energy field also hold advanced degrees, such as a master’s degree or a PhD, and may have specialized training in a particular area of energy research. Some chemists in the energy field also hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Energy Manager (CEM) credential offered by the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE).

energy-scientist-chemist-woman

Hopeful candidates should possess an advanced degree in chemistry, even if only applying for an entry-level job.

Chemists are paid on average $70,000 in the US (£51,250 in the UK).

Wind Turbine Service Technician

 

A wind turbine service technician is a professional who is responsible for installing, maintaining, and repairing wind turbines and other components of wind energy systems. The primary role of a wind turbine service technician is to ensure that wind energy systems are operating safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Wind turbines are being installed in bigger numbers every year, therefore the demand for wind turbine service technicians has grown at the same rate. It requires a good background in electrical installations, construction and welding to service wind farms and complete new installations.

The specific duties of a wind turbine service technician may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a wind turbine service technician may include:

  • Installing, maintaining, and repairing wind turbines and other components of wind energy systems, including gearboxes, generators, and control systems
  • Testing and inspecting wind turbines and other components to ensure that they are operating safely and efficiently
  • Conducting preventive maintenance on wind turbines and other components to reduce the likelihood of failures and downtime
  • Identifying and troubleshooting problems with wind turbines and other components, and repairing or replacing faulty parts as needed
  • Providing technical support and guidance to users of wind energy systems
  • Maintaining accurate records of wind turbine maintenance and repairs

To become a wind turbine service technician, individuals typically need to have a high school diploma or equivalent, as well as specialized training in wind energy technology and mechanical systems. Some wind turbine service technicians also have relevant work experience in wind energy or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Renewable Energy Technician (CRET) credential offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Wind turbine service technicians are paid on average $54,250 in the US (£39,750 in the UK).

Sales Representative

 

sales-representative-womanAs a sales representative in the energy sector, you would be responsible for promoting and selling energy products or services to customers. The primary role of a sales representative in the energy sector is to identify and cultivate new business opportunities, and to build relationships with customers in order to increase sales and revenue.

Sales representatives in the energy sector are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of energy products and services, as well as sales and marketing principles. They may work for energy companies, consulting firms, or other organizations that offer energy products or services.

The specific duties of a sales representative in the energy sector may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a sales representative in the energy sector may include:

  • Identifying and cultivating new business opportunities in the energy sector, including through prospecting, networking, and market research
  • Building relationships with customers in order to increase sales and revenue
  • Promoting and selling energy products or services, including through presentations, demonstrations, and negotiations
  • Maintaining accurate records of sales activities and customer interactions
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, technicians, and analysts, to address issues related to energy sales and marketing
  • Providing technical support and guidance to customers on energy products or services

To become a sales representative in the energy sector, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in a related field, such as business, marketing, or engineering. Some sales representatives in the energy sector also have relevant work experience in sales or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Sales Professional (CSP) credential offered by the National Association of Sales Professionals (NASP).

Sales representative jobs in the energy sector are very technical and require very specific knowledge. They will be expected to analyse customer’s requirements, take note of existing equipment and be the main point of contact between the company, installer and customer. Past sales skills in a technical industry is essential for this role.

Sales representatives are paid on average $53,750 in the US (£39,250 in the UK).

Environmental Engineering Technician

 

An environmental engineering technician is a professional who is responsible for assisting environmental engineers in the design, development, and implementation of projects that protect and improve the environment. The primary role of an environmental engineering technician is to provide technical support to environmental engineers, and to help ensure that projects are completed safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Environmental engineering technicians are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of environmental engineering principles and technologies. They may work for environmental engineering firms, consulting firms, government agencies, or other organizations that are involved in environmental protection and improvement.

The specific duties of an environmental engineering technician may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of an environmental engineering technician may include:

  • Assisting environmental engineers in the design, development, and implementation of projects that protect and improve the environment
  • Conducting laboratory and field tests to collect data on environmental conditions and processes
  • Analyzing data using a variety of tools and techniques, including computer modeling and statistical analysis
  • Preparing reports and other documents related to environmental engineering projects
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and technicians, to address issues related to environmental protection and improvement
  • Providing technical support and guidance to other environmental engineering technicians

To become an environmental engineering technician, individuals typically need to have an associate’s degree in environmental engineering technology or a related field. Some environmental engineering technicians also have relevant work experience in environmental engineering or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Environmental Technician (CET) credential offered by the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA).

The energy field is still constantly growing and changing, and technicians that can work very closely with engineers and analyse the impact of new facilities are highly sought after. The highest demand for new technicians is in hydro-energy and geothermal plants such as dams.

Environmental engineering technicians are paid on average $50,500 in the US (£37,000 in the UK).

Service Unit Operator

 

A service unit operator in the energy sector is a professional who is responsible for operating and maintaining equipment used in the production, processing, and distribution of energy. The primary role of a service unit operator in the energy sector is to ensure that equipment is functioning safely and efficiently, and to troubleshoot and repair equipment as needed.

Service unit operators in the energy sector are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of energy production and processing equipment, as well as mechanical and electrical systems. They may work for energy companies, consulting firms, or other organizations that are involved in energy production, processing, and distribution.

The specific duties of a service unit operator in the energy sector may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a service unit operator in the energy sector may include:

  • Operating and maintaining equipment used in the production, processing, and distribution of energy, including pumps, compressors, and control systems
  • Monitoring equipment to identify problems and issues, and taking corrective action as needed
  • Troubleshooting and repairing equipment as needed, using a variety of tools and techniques
  • Conducting preventive maintenance on equipment to reduce the likelihood of failures and downtime
  • Maintaining accurate records of equipment maintenance and repairs
  • Providing technical support and guidance to other service unit operators

To become a service unit operator in the energy sector, individuals typically need to have a high school diploma or equivalent, as well as specialized training in energy production and processing equipment and mechanical and electrical systems. Some service unit operators in the energy sector also have relevant work experience in energy production or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Technician (CT) credential offered by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE).

The oil and mining fields have let many workers like operators of construction equipment go in recent times, and to their advantage they have been able to fulfill roles in the renewable energy field. Relevant experience in oil and mining is a big advantage and this can be a great chance to offer their skills to a role that benefits the environment.

Service unit operators are paid on average $46,250 in the US (£33,750 in the UK).

Environmental Science And Protection Technician

 

An environmental science and protection technician is a professional who is responsible for assisting environmental scientists and engineers in the study and protection of the environment. The primary role of an environmental science and protection technician is to provide technical support to environmental professionals, and to help ensure that projects are completed safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Environmental science and protection technicians are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of environmental science and protection principles and technologies. They may work for environmental consulting firms, government agencies, or other organizations that are involved in environmental protection and improvement.

The specific duties of an environmental science and protection technician may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of an environmental science and protection technician may include:

  • Assisting environmental scientists and engineers in the study and protection of the environment, including through laboratory and field work
  • Collecting and analyzing data on environmental conditions and processes using a variety of tools and techniques, including computer modeling and statistical analysis
  • Preparing reports and other documents related to environmental protection and improvement projects
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as scientists, engineers, and technicians, to address issues related to environmental protection and improvement
  • Providing technical support and guidance to other environmental science and protection technicians

These roles include tasks in both the laboratory and out in the field, that focus on the impact that the installation and maintenance of renewable energy producing facilities have on the environment. They also monitor the pollution levels in workplaces and the effect that it has on the workers. This is a very rewarding renewable energy job to have.

To become an environmental science and protection technician, individuals typically need to have an associate’s degree in environmental engineering, environmental science and protection technology or a related field. Some environmental science and protection technicians also have relevant work experience in environmental science and protection or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Environmental Technician (CET) credential offered by the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA).

Environmental science and protection technicians are paid on average $46,250 in the US (£33,750 in the UK).

Solar PV Installer

 

A solar PV installer is a professional who is responsible for installing solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components. The primary role of a solar PV installer is to ensure that solar PV systems are installed safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

More and more homes are now converting over to renewable energy, and the main method that is used for this conversion is the installation of solar panels.

two men installing solar panels

While this may sound simple, installing the panels and integrating the batteries into their design in both residential and commercial buildings is a highly specialized and technical job. Successful applicants need to have a decent background in electrical or HVAC installations, but they will also need to receive specialized training for installing solar panels.

The specific duties of a solar PV installer may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a solar PV installer may include:

  • Installing solar PV systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components
  • Ensuring that solar PV systems are installed safely and efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards
  • Conducting site surveys and assessments to determine the feasibility and suitability of solar PV installations
  • Providing technical support and guidance to customers on solar PV systems
  • Maintaining accurate records of solar PV installations and repairs
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as electrical engineers, technicians, and analysts, to address issues related to solar PV installations

To become a solar PV installer, individuals typically need to have a high school diploma or equivalent, as well as specialized training in solar PV technology and electrical systems. Some solar PV installers also have relevant work experience in solar PV or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Renewable Energy Technician (CRET) credential offered by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP).

Solar PV installers are paid on average $42,750 in the US (£31,500 in the UK).

Solar Power Plant Construction Worker

 

A solar power plant construction worker is a professional who is responsible for constructing and installing solar energy systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components. The primary role of a solar power plant construction worker is to ensure that solar energy systems are installed safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Solar power plant construction workers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of construction techniques and safety protocols. They may work for solar energy companies, construction firms, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a solar power plant construction worker may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a solar power plant construction worker may include:

  • Constructing and installing solar energy systems, including solar panels, inverters, and other components
  • Ensuring that solar energy systems are installed safely and efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards
  • Operating a variety of construction equipment, such as cranes, bulldozers, and excavators
  • Providing technical support and guidance to other construction workers
  • Maintaining accurate records of construction activities and progress
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, technicians, and analysts, to address issues related to solar power plant construction

To become a solar power plant construction worker, individuals typically need to have a high school diploma or equivalent, as well as specialized training in construction techniques and safety protocols. Some solar power plant construction workers also have relevant work experience in construction or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Construction Worker (CCW) credential offered by the National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER).

No matter what the size of the power plant, the one thing that is for certain is that it will need construction workers, and power plants of all sizes are popping up everywhere.

Construction workers are needed for installation and operation of the solar panels, be there just a few, or if there are thousands. In order to work on these industrial or commercial projects, job seekers must have skills in welding, scaffolding and building.

Solar power plant construction workers are paid on average $42,000 in the US (£31,000 in the UK).

Site Assessor

 

A site assessor in the energy sector is a professional who is responsible for evaluating the feasibility and suitability of potential sites for energy projects, such as solar PV installations, wind farms, or geothermal energy systems. The primary role of a site assessor in the energy sector is to provide technical expertise and guidance to energy companies, investors, and other stakeholders on site selection and development issues.

Site assessors in the energy sector are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of energy technologies, site assessment techniques, and environmental regulations. They may work for energy companies, consulting firms, government agencies, or other organizations that are involved in energy development.

The specific duties of a site assessor in the energy sector may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a site assessor in the energy sector may include:

  • Evaluating the feasibility and suitability of potential sites for energy projects, including through site surveys, analysis of geological and meteorological data, and consultation with other experts
  • Providing technical expertise and guidance to energy companies, investors, and other stakeholders on site selection and development issues
  • Analyzing data using a variety of tools and techniques, including computer modeling and statistical analysis
  • Preparing reports and other documents related to site assessment and development
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and technicians, to address issues related to energy site assessment and development
  • Providing technical support and guidance to other site assessors

To become a site assessor in the energy sector, individuals typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in a related field, such as engineering, environmental science, or geology. Some site assessors in the energy sector also have relevant work experience in energy development or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Environmental Site Assessor (CESA) credential offered by the Environmental Science and Protection Accreditation Council (ESPAC).

In addition to a bachelor’s degree and relevant work experience, site assessors in the energy sector may also need to have strong analytical skills and be able to interpret and analyze complex data sets. They should also have excellent communication and interpersonal skills, as they may be required to interact with a variety of stakeholders, including energy companies, government agencies, and community groups. Other important qualities for site assessors in the energy sector may include attention to detail, problem-solving skills, and the ability to work independently and as part of a team.

Site assessments are at the beginning of every renewable energy project. It analyses where the installation of wind or solar farms would be most effective. It includes taking measurements over long periods of time, estimating the cost of the systems, analysing the structure of the mounts, among many other things. Workers with an electrical or construction background will do great in these roles.

Site Assessors are paid on average $40,000 in the US (£29,500 in the UK).

Roofers

 

Roofers have seen an uptrend in available jobs with the installation of solar panels on the roofs of homes.

A roofer is a professional who is responsible for installing, repairing, and maintaining roofs on buildings and other structures. The primary role of a roofer is to ensure that roofs are installed safely, efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards.

Roofers are typically experienced professionals who have a strong understanding of roofing techniques and materials, as well as construction and safety protocols. They may work for roofing contractors, construction firms, consulting firms, or government agencies.

The specific duties of a roofer may vary depending on the specific focus of their work and the specific requirements of their employer. However, some common responsibilities of a roofer may include:

  • Installing, repairing, and maintaining roofs on buildings and other structures, including through the use of scaffolding, ladders, and other equipment
  • Ensuring that roofs are installed safely and efficiently, and in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards
  • Working with a variety of roofing materials, including shingles, tiles, and membranes
  • Providing technical support and guidance to other roofers
  • Maintaining accurate records of roofing projects and repairs
  • Collaborating with other professionals, such as engineers, technicians, and analysts, to address issues related to roofing

To become a roofer, individuals typically need to have a high school diploma or equivalent, as well as specialized training in roofing techniques and materials. Some roofers also have relevant work experience in roofing or a related field, and may hold professional certifications, such as the Certified Roofing Professional (CRP) credential offered by the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA).

Roofers are paid on average $40,000 in the US (£29,500 in the UK).

More about mechanical engineering careers:


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Engaging 3D Science Experiments with Simulators

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Engaging 3D Science Experiments with Simulators

Last Updated on October 2, 2024 by Zinab Hasssan

Learning about science through listening to lectures and reading about it, though valuable, isn’t always enough to truly engage students. Learning by doing science, through hands-on science activities and experiments lets students see what they’ve learned in action and develop a deeper understanding of the subject.

Hands-on learning  using technological methods such as conducting 3D science experiments with simulators is a great way to refer to learning by doing and enriching the experimentation process by providing visual aids that guide the students through the process.

In this blog, we will dive into the world of 3D science experiments using simulators, their concept, benefits, examples, the role of 3D experiment models in modern sciences, how to get started with them, and effective tips for educators on integrating simulators into their curriculum.

The Concept of 3D Science Simulators |Why 3D Simulators Are the New Lab Partners

Engaging 3D Science Experiments with SimulatorsEngaging 3D Science Experiments with Simulators

The 3D science experiments using simulators are  widely used in e-learning techniques. They refer to immersive and interactive 3D simulations of science experiments and activities that typically take place in physical laboratory settings. They simulate the tools, devices, and procedures which are used in various science branches such as chemistry, physics and biology, and this enables students to perform 3D science experiments online, from their personal devices anytime and anywhere without the costs and limitations of a physical lab.

The 3D science simulators use software and computer 3D experimental models to replicate the equipment, procedures, and experiments that would typically be done in a physical lab. Students can interact with the 3D science experiments by performing experiments and analyzing results, all within the simulated environment. The 3D science simulators aim to provide an immersive and interactive learning experience, offering benefits such as flexibility, accessibility, visual learning, cost-effectiveness, safety, and more.

Transform Your Learning: The Advantages of 3D Science Simulations 

Conducting 3D science experiments using simulators provides a wide range of interactive features such as:

Immersive Interaction and Virtual 3D Science Experiments

Immersive Interaction and 3D Virtual ExperimentsImmersive Interaction and 3D Virtual Experiments

3D science experiments using simulators provide immersive, interactive 3D virtual science experiments simulations (Experiment 3D models)of a realistic lab for educators with better management of time, skills and knowledge ,thereby increasing the learning outcomes.

Cost-Effectiveness

Conducting some experiments in real laboratories can be very expensive. Virtual simulators eliminate the need for expensive tools, equipment, materials, and maintenance required for doing experiments, so educational institutions can invest in virtual laboratories to provide their students with a greater number of experiments and also save more money.

Enhanced Safety

Doing experiments using a simulator protects students from any dangers they may face while conducting dangerous experiments in real labs. It is an effective method for preventing laboratory accidents by eliminating the handling of toxic substances or radioactive chemicals and other hazards such as electricity and pathogens. So, Virtual labs provide a safe environment for students and ensure their safety while exploring various scientific concepts and protocols.

Time Efficiency

By using virtual labs, students can save more time and effort, as they eliminate the need to move between different laboratories. Students can save time by accessing experiments, and learning resources without the need for setup or cleanup which enables them to focus more on the core learning objectives.

Available Anytime, Anywhere and for Many Times

3D science experiments using simulators provide a virtual learning and teaching environment that aims to develop the student’s practical skills and learning outcomes.  Since they are available through the Internet, students can perform many different experiments without being restricted to specific places or specific times as is the case with real laboratories. Students can conduct their experiments with 24/7 unlimited access.

Also, by using the virtual labs students can repeat their virtual 3d science experiments many times, until they grasp and understand all the information.

On PraxiLabs, you can find various virtual lab simulations accessible anytime and anywhere. Subscribe and Get Started Now!

Explore the Extraordinary: Exciting Examples of 3D Science Experiments

PraxiLabs, the 3D virtual lab solution, provides students with access to realistic biology, chemistry, and physics labs and enriches their understanding with a variety of informational and educational content.

Now let’s explore some examples of 3D science experiments in branches of Physics, chemistry, and Biology!

Physics Simulations

Archimedes Principle Virtual Lab

Learn how to determine the relative density or specific gravity (SG) of solids and liquids using Archimedes’ Principle. 

By the end of the experiment, your students will be able to

  • Understand Archimedes’ principles concept and the physics behind buoyant force.
  • Set up an experiment to detect the specific gravity of a solid or a liquid. Hence, the material can be identified.

Chemistry Simulations

Determination of Chloride Concentration of Water Sample Virtual Lab

Learn how to determine the concentration of chlorides in water samples by Volhard’s method.

By the end of the experiment, your students will be able to

  • Understand the concept and procedure of the Volhard Method.
  • Analyze Chloride by following Volhard’s method.

Biology simulations

DNA Extraction Virtual Lab

Learn how to extract cellular DNA using the phenol/chloroform method.

By the end of the experiment, your students will be able to:

  •       Demonstrate proficiency with the procedures involved in DNA extraction.
  • Identify the role of specific reagents and equipment in the DNA extraction process..
  • Practice basic laboratory techniques.
  • Understand and explain downstream applications of DNA extraction.

Benefits of praxilabsBenefits of praxilabs

Explore, Experiment, Excel: PraxiLabs as Your 3D Science Simulator Guide

Explore the Extraordinary: Exciting Examples of 3D Science ExperimentsExplore the Extraordinary: Exciting Examples of 3D Science Experiments

PraxiLabs is a leading e-learning company that provides interactive 3D science simulators that are safe, affordable and accessible anytime/anywhere for educational institutions and students in more than 20 science branches.

Overview of PraxiLabs’ science branches:

Biology virtual labs:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Forensics
  • Proteomics
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Cell culture
  • Microscopy
  • Bioenergetics
  • Immunology

Physics virtual labs:

  • Heat and thermodynamics
  • Properties of matter
  • Electricity
  • Magnetism
  • Modern physics
  • Mechanics
  • Waves

Chemistry virtual labs:

  • Analytical chemistry
  • Organic chemistry
  •  Inorganic chemistry

To get started with 3D science simulators, you need to:

  • Create a Free Account
  • Choose from the Simulations
  • Practice as Many Times as You Want

For more details, watch the following video that provides a step-by-step guide on using PraxiLabs virtual labs

Are you tired of seeing your students struggle to grasp complex scientific concepts? Request a Live Demo Now and Increase your Students’ Learning Retention and Engagement With PraxiLabs’ virtual labs!

Level Up Your Teaching: Tips for Integrating Simulators into the Classroom

Level Up Your Teaching: Tips for Integrating Simulators into the ClassroomLevel Up Your Teaching: Tips for Integrating Simulators into the Classroom

Integrating simulators into the educational curricula can significantly improve learning experiences by providing students with practical, hands-on opportunities to apply theoretical knowledge.

Even more information and useful data will be provided to help students better understand the experiments that are being studied through clear guides on which tools, materials, and devices to use for different experiments and ,how to use them, and most importantly, why.

Here are some effective tips for educators looking to integrate simulations into their educational curriculum:

  1.     Define and establish clear learning outcomes ,which helps in choosing the suitable simulations that are aligned with educational goals.
  2.     Select the appropriate simulations  that reflect the context of the curriculum. For instance, Science educators might use virtual lab simulations to teach their students various science experiments.
  3.     Foster deep learning for your students as this approach improves critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as students must navigate complex scenarios that mimic real-world challenges.
  4.     Provide support and guidance to your students before engaging with simulations to understand the objectives and the mechanics of the simulation. This preparation can increase students’ confidence and engagement.
  5.     Facilitate reflection and debriefing sessions after completing a simulation, where students can reflect on their experiences, analyze what they learned, and more. Reflection is a key component of experiential learning.
  6.     Incorporate technology wisely to enhance the learning experience.
  7.     Evaluate the effectiveness of the simulations. This can be done through assessments, feedback from students, and analysis of learning outcomes.

With PraxiLabs One day “plug & play” setup, and integration we have you up and running right away, reviewing your students’ performance in real time, setting up courses and aligning with your students.

Talk to our experts and elevate your students’ Learning Retention and Engagement!

 

Omar Berdiýew: Difference between revisions

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Omar Berdiýew: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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[[Category:Karvan FK players]]

[[Category:Karvan FK players]]

[[Category:Uzbekistan Super League players]]

[[Category:Uzbekistan Super League players]]

[[Category:Ukrainian First League players]]

[[Category:Men’s association football defenders]]

[[Category:Men’s association football defenders]]


Latest revision as of 10:26, 17 October 2024

Turkmenistan footballer (1979–2023)

Omar Berdiýew (25 June 1979 – 6 January 2023) was a Turkmenistan footballer who played as a defender. Berdiýew was a member of the Turkmenistan national team. He died on 6 January 2023, at the age of 43.[1]

Score and result list Turkmenistan’s goal tally first, score column indicates score after Berdiýew goal.

Omar Berdiýew: Difference between revisions

Mountaintop observations of gamma-ray glow could shed light on origins of lightning – Physics World

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Mountaintop observations of gamma-ray glow could shed light on origins of lightning – Physics World






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Promising designs for nuclear power reactors using molten salt

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Promising designs for nuclear power reactors using molten salt

In brief

Promising new designs for both fission and fusion nuclear power reactors rely on molten salt to play key roles, such as transferring heat out to produce electricity and to keep important metal components cool. But a major concern is corrosion: Will the radiation inside a nuclear reactor speed up the rate at which the salt corrodes and weakens those metal components? MIT researchers have demonstrated that some metal alloys will corrode not more but less when they’re exposed to radiation under some conditions. The team devised and built an experimental setup that emulates conditions inside a molten salt–based nuclear reactor. Tests with various alloys show that certain combinations of elements become more resistant to corrosion when they are also subjected to radiation. The researchers provide simple guidelines for designers and operators to follow when selecting commercial alloys for their molten salt–based nuclear reactors.


Most discussions of how to avert climate change focus on solar and wind generation as key to the transition to a future carbon-free power system. But Michael Short, the Class of ’42 Associate Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering and associate director of the Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC), is impatient with such talk. “We can say we should have only wind and solar someday. But we don’t have the luxury of ‘someday’ anymore, so we can’t ignore other helpful ways to combat climate change,” he says. “To me, it’s an ‘all-hands-on-deck’ thing. Solar and wind are clearly a big part of the solution. But I think that nuclear power also has a critical role to play.”

For decades, researchers have been working on designs for both fission and fusion nuclear reactors using molten salts as fuels or coolants. While those designs promise significant safety and performance advantages, there’s a catch: Molten salt and the impurities within them often corrode metals, ultimately causing them to crack, weaken, and fail. Inside a reactor, key metal components will be exposed not only to molten salt but also simultaneously to radiation, which generally has a detrimental effect on materials, making them more brittle and prone to failure. Will irradiation make metal components inside a molten salt–cooled nuclear reactor corrode even more quickly?

Short and Dr. Weiyue Zhou PhD ’21, a postdoc in the PSFC, have been investigating that question for eight years. Their experimental findings show that certain alloys will corrode more slowly when they’re irradiated—and identifying them among all the available commercial alloys can be straightforward.

The first challenge—building a test facility

When Short and Zhou began investigating the effect of radiation on corrosion, practically no reliable facilities existed to look at the two effects at once. The standard approach was to examine such mechanisms in sequence: first corrode, then irradiate, then examine the impact on the material. That approach greatly simplifies the task for the researchers but with a major trade-off. “In a reactor, everything is going to be happening at the same time,” says Short. “If you separate the two processes, you’re not simulating a reactor; you’re doing some other experiment that’s not as relevant.”

So, Short and Zhou took on the challenge of designing and building an experimental setup that could do both at once. Short credits a team at the University of Michigan for paving the way by designing a device that could accomplish that feat in water rather than molten salts. Even so, Zhou notes, it took them three years to come up with a device that would work with molten salts. Both researchers recall failure after failure, but the persistent Zhou ultimately tried a totally new design, and it worked. Short adds that it also took them three years to precisely replicate the salt mixture used by industry—another factor critical to getting a meaningful result. The hardest part was achieving and ensuring that the purity was correct by removing critical impurities such as moisture, oxygen, and certain other metals.

As they were developing and testing their setup, Short and Zhou obtained initial results showing that proton irradiation did not always accelerate corrosion but sometimes actually decelerated it. They and others had hypothesized that possibility, but even so, they were surprised. “We thought we must be doing something wrong,” recalls Short. “Maybe we mixed up the samples or something.” But they subsequently made similar observations for a variety of conditions, increasing their confidence that their initial observations were not outliers.

The successful setup 

Central to their approach is the use of accelerated protons to mimic the impact of the neutrons inside a nuclear reactor. Generating neutrons would be both impractical and prohibitively expensive, and the neutrons would make everything highly radioactive, posing health risks and requiring very long times for an irradiated sample to cool down enough to be examined. Using protons would enable Short and Zhou to examine radiation-altered corrosion both rapidly and safely.

The researchers’ experimental setup. This diagram shows the key features of the setup that the researchers designed and built to explore the effect of radiation on corrosion inside a molten salt nuclear reactor. The test chamber appears in yellow. A thin sample of the alloy being tested (at the center, red) is suspended between a bath of molten salt (green) and a beam of protons coming from the other side (dashed lines). With this setup, a single foil sample can be exposed to molten salt over its entire surface and—at the same time—to radiation limited to a circle at its center. Experiments show that the impact of radiation on corrosion damage varies widely from alloy to alloy.

The final design for their experimental setup is illustrated in the diagram above. The test chamber is shown in yellow. The bath of molten salt is shown in green. The thin sheet of the metal alloy being tested is at the center (in red), and the beam of protons enters from the left (dashed lines). With this setup, a thin foil sample of the alloy being tested is exposed to molten salt on one side and bombarded with proton radiation on the other side, but the proton beam is restricted to a circle in the middle of the foil sample. “No one can argue with our results then,” says Short. “In a single experiment, the whole sample is subjected to corrosion, and only a circle in the center of the sample is simultaneously irradiated by protons. We can see the curvature of the proton beam outline in our results, so we know which region is which.”

The results with that arrangement were unchanged from the initial results. They confirmed the researchers’ preliminary findings, supporting their controversial hypothesis that rather than accelerating corrosion, radiation would actually decelerate corrosion in some materials under some conditions. Fortunately, they just happen to be the same conditions that will be experienced by metals in molten salt–cooled reactors.

Why is that outcome controversial? A closeup look at the corrosion process will explain. When salt corrodes metal, the salt finds atomic-level openings in the solid, seeps in, and dissolves salt-soluble atoms, pulling them out and leaving a gap in the material—a spot where the material is now weak. “Radiation adds energy to atoms, causing them to be ballistically knocked out of their positions and move very fast,” explains Short. So, it makes sense that irradiating a material would cause atoms to move into the salt more quickly, increasing the rate of corrosion. Yet in some of their tests, the researchers found the opposite to be true.

Experiments with “model” alloys

The researchers’ first experiments in their novel setup involved “model” alloys consisting of nickel and chromium, a simple combination that would give them a first look at the corrosion process in action. In addition, they added europium fluoride to the salt, a compound known to speed up corrosion. In our world, we often think of corrosion as taking years or decades, but in the more extreme conditions of a molten salt reactor it can noticeably occur in just hours. The researchers used the europium fluoride to speed up corrosion even more without changing the corrosion process. This allowed for more rapid determination of which materials, under which conditions, experienced more or less corrosion with simultaneous proton irradiation.

The use of protons to emulate neutron damage to materials meant that the experimental setup had to be carefully designed and the operating conditions carefully selected and controlled. Protons are hydrogen atoms with an electrical charge; and under some conditions, the hydrogen could chemically react with atoms in the sample foil, altering the corrosion response, or with ions in the salt, making the salt more corrosive. Therefore, the proton beam had to penetrate the foil sample but then stop in the salt as soon as possible. Under these conditions, the researchers found they could deliver a relatively uniform dose of radiation inside the foil layer while also minimizing chemical reactions in both the foil and the salt.

Tests showed that a proton beam accelerated to 3 million electron-volts combined with a foil sample between 25 and 30 microns thick would work well for their nickel-chromium alloys. The temperature and duration of the exposure could be adjusted based on the corrosion susceptibility of the specific materials being tested.

Experimental results with model compounds. This figure shows results from tests on a simple alloy consisting of just nickel and chromium. The blue image shows the side of the foil sample facing the proton beam. The whole sample was exposed to molten salt, while only the circle at the center was also subjected to the beam of protons. The boundary between the two areas is clear. The electron microscope image to the right focuses on the region inside the red rectangle. The area at the right in the image shows dark patches where the salt penetrated all the way through the foil, while the area on the left shows almost no such dark patches. The curvature marking the boundary between the damaged and less-damaged regions in the two images is the same, confirming that damage is less extreme where the sample was both corroded and irradiated.

The top figure above shows sample results. The blue image shows the side of the foil sample facing the proton beam. During the experiment, the entire sample was exposed to molten salt on the opposite side, and the circular region at the center was simultaneously bombarded with protons from this side. The difference in appearance is striking in this optical image. The electron microscope image at the right focuses on the region inside the red rectangle. The area at the right in the image shows dark patches where the salt penetrated all the way through the foil, while the area on the left shows almost no such dark patches. The curvature marking the outside of the radiation beam in the blue image matches the curvature between the damaged and less-damaged regions in the electron microscope image, validating the researchers’ experimental approach.

To confirm that the dark patches were due to corrosion, the researchers cut through the foil sample to create cross sections. In them, they could see tunnels that the salt had dug into the sample. “For regions not under radiation, we see that the salt tunnels link the one side of the sample to the other side,” says Zhou. “For regions under radiation, we see that the salt tunnels stop more or less halfway and rarely reach the other side. So we verified that they didn’t penetrate the whole way.”

The results “exceeded our wildest expectations,” says Short. “In every test we ran, the application of radiation slowed corrosion by a factor of 2 to 3 times.”

More experiments, more insights 

Subsequent tests with the model alloys provided further insights. To more closely replicate commercially available molten salt, the researchers omitted the additive (europium fluoride) that they had used to speed up corrosion, and they tweaked the temperature for even more realistic conditions. “In carefully monitored tests, we found that by raising the temperature by 100 degrees Celsius, we could get corrosion to happen about 1,000 times faster than it would in a reactor,” says Short.

Images showing damage on the salt-facing side of a foil sample. These electron microscope images show the side of the foil of the nickel-chromium alloy sample facing the molten salt. The one on the left shows a section that was only exposed to the molten salt. The corrosion is clearly focused on the weakest part of the structure—the boundaries between the grains in the metal. The image on the right shows a section that was exposed to both the molten salt and the proton beam. Here the corrosion isn’t limited to the grain boundaries but is more spread out over the surface. Experimental results show that these cracks are shallower and less likely to cause a key component to break.

Sample results with the molten salt (without the corrosive additive) plus the nickel-chromium alloy appear in the figure above. These images show the salt-facing side of the sample, so the directly corroded side. The image on the left is from the corrosion-only region, while the one on the right is from the region that was also irradiated. The corrosion damage seen in the two regions is distinctly different.

Short explains the observations. Metals are made up of individual grains inside which atoms are lined up in an orderly fashion. Where the grains come together there are areas—called grain boundaries—where the atoms don’t line up as well. In the corrosion-only image on the left, dark lines track the grain boundaries. Molten salt has seeped into the grain boundaries and pulled out salt-soluble atoms. In the corrosion-plus-irradiation image on the right, the damage is more general. It’s not only the grain boundaries that get attacked but also regions within the grains.

So, when the material is irradiated, the molten salt also removes material from within the grains. Over time, more material comes out of the grains themselves than from the spaces between them. The removal isn’t focused on the grain boundaries; it’s spread out over the whole surface. As a result, any cracks that form are shallower and more spread out, and the material is less likely to fail.

Testing commercial alloys

The experiments described thus far involved model alloys—simple combinations of elements that are good for studying science but would never be used in a reactor. In the next series of experiments, the researchers focused on three commercially available alloys that are composed of nickel, chromium, iron, molybdenum, and other elements in various combinations.

Results from the experiments with the commercial alloys showed a consistent pattern—one that confirmed an idea that the researchers had going in: The higher the concentration of salt-soluble elements in the alloy, the worse the radiation-induced corrosion damage. Radiation will increase the rate at which salt-soluble atoms such as chromium leave the grain boundaries, hastening the corrosion process. However, if there are more not-soluble elements such as nickel present, those atoms will go into the salt more slowly. Over time, they’ll accumulate at the grain boundary and form a protective coating that blocks the grain boundary—a “self-healing mechanism that decelerates the rate of corrosion,” say the researchers.

Thus, if an alloy consists mostly of atoms that don’t dissolve in molten salt, irradiation will cause them to form a protective coating that slows the corrosion process. But if an alloy consists mostly of atoms that dissolve in molten salt, irradiation will make them dissolve faster, speeding up corrosion. As Short summarizes, “In terms of corrosion, irradiation makes a good alloy better and a bad alloy worse.”

Steps involved in setting up the test chamber for an experiment with the proton accelerator. A. Working inside a glove box, postdoc Weiyue Zhou first drops in a pellet of salt—the key to emulating the corrosive environment inside a molten salt–based nuclear reactor. B, C. Next, he places a sample of the metal being tested on the top of the test chamber, where it will be exposed to the salt pellet beneath it. The metal sample is a foil disc about 21 millimeters in diameter and just 25 to 30 microns thick. D. Here, Zhou prepares to put the top on the test chamber. E. And here he screws on the top, sealing it shut. The test chamber is now ready to be mounted on the proton accelerator. With this setup, the researchers expose the whole foil sample to the corrosive salt, and—by shielding part of it from the incoming protons—they also subject a limited but well-defined section of it to the proton beam at the same time. Credit: Gretchen Ertl

Real-world relevance plus practical guidelines

Short and Zhou find their results encouraging. In a nuclear reactor made of “good” alloys, the slowdown in corrosion will probably be even more pronounced than what they observed in their proton-based experiments because the neutrons that inflict the damage won’t chemically react with the salt to make it more corrosive. As a result, reactor designers could push the envelope more in their operating conditions, allowing them to get more power out of the same nuclear plant without compromising on safety.

However, the researchers stress that there’s much work to be done. Many more projects are needed to explore and understand the exact corrosion mechanism in specific alloys under different irradiation conditions. In addition, their findings need to be replicated by groups at other institutions using their own facilities. “What needs to happen now is for other labs to build their own facilities and start verifying whether they get the same results as we did,” says Short. To that end, Short and Zhou have made the details of their experimental setup and all of their data freely available online. “We’ve also been actively communicating with researchers at other institutions who have contacted us,” adds Zhou. “When they’re planning to visit, we offer to show them demonstration experiments while they’re here.”

But already their findings provide practical guidance for other researchers and equipment designers. For example, the standard way to quantify corrosion damage is by “mass loss,” a measure of how much weight the material has lost. But Short and Zhou consider mass loss a flawed measure of corrosion in molten salts. “If you’re a nuclear plant operator, you usually care whether your structural components are going to break,” says Short.  “Our experiments show that radiation can change how deep the cracks are, when all other things are held constant. The deeper the cracks, the more likely a structural component is to break, leading to a reactor failure.”

In addition, the researchers offer a simple rule for identifying good metal alloys for structural components in molten salt reactors. Manufacturers provide extensive lists of available alloys with different compositions, microstructures, and additives. Faced with a list of options for critical structures, the designer of a new nuclear fission or fusion reactor can simply examine the composition of each alloy being offered. The one with the highest content of corrosion-resistant elements such as nickel will be the best choice. Inside a nuclear reactor, that alloy should respond to a bombardment of radiation not by corroding more rapidly but by forming a protective layer that helps block the corrosion process. “That may seem like a trivial result, but the exact threshold where radiation decelerates corrosion depends on the salt chemistry, the density of neutrons in the reactor, their energies, and a few other factors,” says Short. “Therefore, the complete guidelines are a bit more complicated. But they’re presented in a straightforward way that users can understand and utilize to make a good choice for the molten salt–based reactor they’re designing.”


This research was funded by Eni S.p.A. through the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center’s Laboratory for Innovative Fusion Technologies. Earlier work was funded by the Transatomic Power Corporation and by the U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Program. Equipment development and testing was supported by the Transatomic Power Corporation. For other funding sources and additional information about the research, please see the following:

AlMousa, W. Zhou, K.B. Woller, and M.P. Short. “Effects of simultaneous proton irradiation on the corrosion of commercial alloys in molten fluoride salt.” Corrosion Science, June 2023. Online: doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111154.

Zhou, K.B. Woller, G. (T.) Zheng, P.W. Stahle, and M.P. Short. “A simultaneous corrosion/irradiation facility for testing molten salt-facing materials.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, December 4, 2018. Online: doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.11.024.

Zhou, Y. Yang, G. Zheng, K.B. Woller, P.W. Stahle, A.M. Minor, and M.P. Short. “Proton irradiation-decelerated intergranular corrosion of Ni-Cr alloys in molten salt.” Nature Communications, July 2020. Online: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17244-y.


This article appears in the Winter 2024 issue of Energy Futures.

US Department of Energy announces new Fermilab contractor – Physics World

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US Department of Energy announces new Fermilab contractor – Physics World






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Electric Scooter Buying Guide: How To Buy The Best Electric Scooter

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Electric Scooter Buying Guide: How To Buy The Best Electric Scooter

Electric Vehicles are getting popular in India. This is because petrol and diesel prices are at their peak and commuters want something that will take them from point A to B without making a big hole in their pocket.

Electric scooters are also a great choice in terms of power distribution as you will get a liner power delivery, which means the same amount of torque at any RPM.

Considering these benefits, commuters are inching towards electric scooters, but people still do not know what to consider when buying an electric scooter.

This article about the Electric Scooter Buying Guide will document the key factors you should consider before you head to the showroom to get your favorite electric scooter.

Understanding Electric Scooters

Electric scooters are a popular mode of personal transportation that runs on electric motors and rechargeable batteries. They are designed to provide a convenient and eco-friendly alternative to traditional gas-powered scooters and cars.

Electric Scooter Buying Guide_1

What Is An Electric Scooter?

An electric scooter, also known as an e-scooter, is a two-wheeled vehicle powered by an electric motor. It typically consists of a deck or platform for the rider to stand on, handlebars for steering, and a battery pack that powers the motor.

There is no engine, nor a multi-speed transmission system. Yes, it does have a single-speed transmission system to transfer the power from the motor to the wheel, but since it offers constant torque at any RPM, an electric scooter does not need a multi-speed gearbox system like an ICE scooter.

Types of electric scooters

There are various types of electric scooters available in the market, including commuter scooters, off-road scooters, and foldable scooters. Each type is designed to cater to different usage scenarios and user preferences.

In this article, we will be focusing more on commuter scooters as these types of scooters make more sense for daily commuting in the city.

Benefits of using an electric scooter

  • Environmentally friendly: Electric scooters produce zero emissions, making them an eco-friendly transportation option.
  • Cost-effective: They are cheaper to operate and maintain compared to traditional vehicles.
  • Convenient: Electric scooters are compact and easy to maneuver, making them ideal for short commutes and urban travel.
  • Less Mechanical Parts: Electric scooters offer constant torque, which eliminates the need for a multi-speed gearbox system. It also does not have an engine. Fewer parts mean fewer chances of failure.

Factors to Consider Before Buying an Electric Scooter: Electric Scooter Buying Guide

Here are some of the factors that you should consider while buying an electric scooter. However, this list is not exclusive as there could be multiple other factors that could influence your decision.

Range

The range of an electric scooter refers to the distance it can travel on a single charge. When choosing an electric scooter, consider your typical commuting distance and select a model with a range that meets your needs.

Charging your scooter frequently won’t cost you extra, and it will affect the battery life, but it will add some extra inconvenience to your daily routine.

Charging Time

Better to choose a scooter that can charge itself quickly. Waiting for half of the day to charge your scooter does not make any sense.

Modern scooters are coming up with a DC charger option but not everyone can install a DC charger at home. So look for a scooter that has less charging time even with a home portable charger.

Battery Capacity

Battery capacity will define how long the battery will take to fully charge itself and how much range you may get. It also tells us how much power it may consume for a full charge.

For example, a 3 kWh battery will take about 6-7 hours to fully charge using a 500W portable charger and It will consume 3 units of electricity for every charge.

Battery-management-system

Battery Life

The biggest confusion among commuters is about the battery life of electric vehicles. Many people may think that they need to change the battery every few years.

Although it’s true, in most cases, the battery will survive the life of the vehicle. Typically an electric scooter battery lasts for 8-10 years which is kind of enough for an electric scooter.

Even after 10 years, the battery may not be dead, but it may not offer the same range that it used to offer before.

Motor Power And Speed

The motor power determines the speed and performance of the electric scooter. Consider the terrain and inclines you will encounter during your rides, and choose a scooter with sufficient motor power to handle them.

You need to also consider the types of motor used and how it is mounted on the scooter. For example, the Ola scooter comes with a hub-mounted motor whereas Vida V1 comes with a side-mounted motor.

Although, the way of mounting the motor does not have any effect on the performance it may make things complemented during servicing.

Top Speed And Acceleration

Gone are the days when your electric scooter could only gain speed up to 25 kmph. Modern scooters are powerful enough to compete with ICE scooters in terms of speed.

Go for a scooter that offers a decent speed that is essential for daily commuting. A bare minimum speed of 80 kmph is a must.

In terms of acceleration, most scooters nowadays come with two modes. One is eco and the other one is sports. You can adjust the mode based on your power requirement.

Charging Infrastructure

Go for a brand that has enough charging infrastructure in your city. You can not always charge at home as it takes almost 4-5 hours to do a full charge whereas DC charging only takes about an hour for a full charge.

Better charging infrastructure also eliminates the range anxiety that most of us have while driving an electric vehicle as you will never be out of range of a charging station.

Weight Capacity And Build Quality

Check the weight capacity of the scooter to ensure it can support your weight. Every scooter has a limit of weight that it can carry depending on the motor power. Better motor power means the scooter can take up more weight.

Additionally, consider the build quality and materials used in the construction of the scooter for durability and longevity.

Connectivity Features

Electric scooters are no longer a typical scooter. It’s more of a gadget and you need to consider some connectivity features in it through app integration.

Almost 90% of scooters sold in India come with some connectivity features like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi function, cloud-based features like geo-fencing, etc.

Navigation is one more feature that you should consider. Better to choose a scooter that offers full-fledged navigation over turn-by-turn navigation as in turn-by-turn navigation, you need a mobile phone with data connectivity.

Convenient Feature

Features like cruise control, parking, and reverse are very popular in cars. But in scooters, you may not use these features much. However, considering the road conditions and traffic, you may choose to use these features more often than before.

Consider choosing a scooter with the hill hold feature as this is one of the most important convenient features that will make your drive easy and safe. Other features are good to have features.

Portability And Under Seat Storage

If you need to carry your scooter on public transportation or store it in a small space, consider the portability and size of the scooter.

Also if you are a daily commuter, you need to consider the underseat storage where you can dump your daily groceries safely without any external attachment.

Safety And Security Features

Since you are buying an electric scooter, you need to ensure that the battery is safe enough to use. It should be at least IP67 rated and does not cause any issues with overcharging and overheating.

It should also have an auto cut-off feature so that when the battery is fully charged, it should cut off the power automatically.

Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred choice for electric scooters as they offer better energy density, can withstand severe heat, and are safe in other aspects too.

Considering braking, disk brakes are a new norm for electric scooters. ABS is getting popular in scooters. If you have ABS, it’s always better.

Choosing the Right Electric Scooter for You

Commuting needs and distance

Evaluate your commuting needs, including the distance you need to travel and the terrain you will encounter. Choose a scooter that aligns with your specific requirements.

Budget considerations

Set a budget for your electric scooter purchase and explore options within your price range. Consider the long-term cost savings of owning an electric scooter compared to other forms of transportation.

Here is an electric vehicle savings calculator that may come in handy for you to see how much you might be saving if you switch to EV


Design And Aesthetics

Select a scooter that matches your style and preferences. Consider factors such as color, design, and overall aesthetics. Some electric scooter looks like a toy that may not align with everyone’s taste.

Additional Features And Accessories

Look for additional features such as LED lights, better suspension systems, and smartphone connectivity. Consider any accessories you may need, such as a phone mount or storage attachments.

Maintenance And Care Tips For Electric Scooters

Charging And Battery Maintenance

Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for charging and maintaining the battery of your electric scooter to prolong its lifespan. Never charge your battery beyond 80% and don’t let it discharge below 20%. Both will damage your battery in no time.

Prefer to charge the battery using a home portable charger. Continuous use of DC charging may degrade your battery faster than AC charging.

Cleaning And Upkeep

Regularly clean and inspect your scooter for any signs of wear or damage. Keep it well-maintained to ensure optimal performance.

Repairs And Servicing

Be prepared for routine maintenance and occasional repairs. Familiarize yourself with local service centers or authorized repair shops for your scooter.

Where To Buy Electric Scooters

Online Retailers

Explore online platforms and e-commerce websites for a wide selection of electric scooters and competitive pricing. You may get a very good discount on Amazon and Flipkart if you are buying a scooter during the festive season.

Occasionally, they give lucrative offers if you hold credit cards from certain banks like HDFC, ICICI, and Axis back.

Local Stores And Dealers

Visit local stores and dealers to test ride different models and receive in-person assistance from knowledgeable staff.

Although the number of dealers in your city may be very few, but its always better to have a test drive before you choose the scooter.

Secondhand Market Considerations

Consider purchasing a used electric scooter from reputable sources to find a budget-friendly option.

Conclusion: Electric Scooter Buying Guide

In conclusion, buying an electric scooter requires careful consideration of various factors such as range, motor power, safety, and maintenance. By understanding your commuting needs and evaluating different models, you can find the right electric scooter that suits your lifestyle and preferences.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs): Electric Scooter Buying Guide

What is the average range of an electric scooter?

The average range of an electric scooter varies depending on the model and battery capacity, but it typically ranges from 60-120 KM on a single charge.

How long do electric scooter batteries last?

The lifespan of electric scooter batteries can vary, but with proper maintenance, they can last anywhere from 8 to 10 years before needing replacement.

What are the maintenance costs for electric scooters?

Maintenance costs for electric scooters typically include periodic battery replacements, tire changes, and general upkeep. The overall maintenance costs are relatively low compared to traditional vehicles.

2024 Luminate / New York Photonics Tech Fast Pitch – April 11th!

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2024 Luminate / New York Photonics Tech Fast Pitch – April 11th!

2024 Luminate / New York Photonics Tech Fast Pitch – April 11th!The highly anticipated annual event, where the new Nextcorps/Luminate cohort of entrepreneurs present their technical issues to New York Photonics companies.

FORMAT:
Each of the ten teams in the Luminate cohort shares information in a fast-pitch format (3 minutes each) about what they’re doing, where they’re going, and what they need from experienced company partners, researchers and scientists in order to succeed.
With a combined total of $500,000 that must be spent in our region, these start-ups are looking for local partners that can help them get their technologies into the market. That could be YOU.

Don’t miss this opportunity to hear first-hand about their technologies and what they need now. Then you’ll be able to connect with them immediately to explore potential opportunities.

Just a few of the items on their lists:

Optical design and assembly services, light sources (e.g. OLED, lasers, etc.), optical components, lithography, coatings, masks, and many others.

The Line-up: (Links are live)

  • AI Optics, Inc.— Handheld imaging technology that integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) to provide a new standard of care for disease screening, starting with preventing vision loss
  • cureVision — Automatic, rapid 3D wound measurement, analysis, and reporting for hospitals, nursing homes, and ambulatory and home care
  • Enlipsium,— The company is developing advanced nanomaterials for future X-ray imaging devices, anti-counterfeiting, and self-cleaning coatings.
  • iLoF (Intelligent Lab on Fiber) — Non-invasive tracking, screening, and stratification for drug discovery using a cloud-based library of optical fingerprints, powered by photonics and AI
  • Nicslab, Inc.— Fabless chip company developing electronics and photonics integrated circuits for future optical solutions in data centers, AI, instrumentation, and quantum computing
  • Photosynthetic — New manufacturing method enabling complex 3D geometries to be produced at mass-production speeds, while retaining sub-micron feature sizes
  • Q-Block Computing — Fault-tolerant quantum devices for advanced computation, communication, and sensing
  • SaferStreet Solutions — Traffic safety devices that target unsafe driving behavior and collect data to help communities reduce speeding, distracted driving, car crashes, and lack of seat belt usage
  • SeeTrue Technologies — Advanced eye tracking technology featuring a robust sensing solution for use in health care, augmented and virtual reality, and industry applications
  • VoxelSensors — Groundbreaking Single-Photon Active Event Sensor that enables power-efficient and intuitive interaction for spatial interfaces and mobile extended reality (XR)

BE THERE!

reflection – Artificial Rain Ring formation

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reflection – Artificial Rain Ring formation

The base of a cone of $43^{\circ}$ has 7 concentric thin glass toroidal transparent tubes filled with water and held together in a plane by a vertical frame (like 10 feet size) outer ring resting on ground.. The symmetry axis of cone is a line connecting the standing observer’s eye to circles center. A very rough sketch..

reflection – Artificial Rain Ring formation

Do the toroidal tubes when filled with water or water mist show rainbow colored rings at any time of the day? It is sometimes said total internal reflection is not necessary for the formation the rainbow.

How should such a toroidal construction be changed in order to see full coloured “Rain” Rings? Appreciate all suggestions/useful hints.