Newton's Law's of motion

                                                       Newton's  Law's of motion

History:

Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion explain the relationship between a physical object and the forces acting on it. Understanding this information gives us the basics of modern physics. Sir Isaac Newton was a pioneer in several branches of science and mathematics. He was just twenty-three years old when he first created a concept of gravity in 1666. His three fundamental laws of motion were first published in 1686 in the Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis.

The three the rules of motion that Newton created redefined science.

 Newton first law of motion:

 A stationary object remains stationary, and a moving object continues to move at a constant speed and in a straight line, unless an unbalanced force acts on it.

Newton's first law states that any object will remain stationary or in uniform motion in a straight line unless it is forced by an external force to change state. This tendency to resist changes in the state of motion is inertia. If all external forces balance each other, the resultant force does not act on the object. If there is no net force acting on the object, the object maintains a constant velocity.

First law of motion is called law of inertia:

 The key concept behind this law is inertia, i.e. the property of matter to resist changes in motion. Inertia is related to the mass of an object, with more massive objects having more inertia. Essentially, an object with more mass needs more force to change its state of motion than an object with less mass.

 For example, if you slide a book across a table, it will eventually stop due to the friction between the book and the table.  Newton's first law states that if the force of friction is eliminated, the book will keep moving in a straight path at a constant speed eternally. Likewise, if you're trying to push a heavy object like a car, it takes more effort to get it moving than it does to move a lighter object.

This law is essential in our daily lives and is the basis for understanding motion and force in physics. This helps explain why we need seat belts in cars to keep us from moving forward if the car suddenly stops, or why it's hard to change direction on a bicycle without bending over and twisting the handlebars. Newton's first law provides a fundamental understanding of how objects behave in the absence of external forces and is an important principle of classical mechanics.

Nweton's second law of motion (Law of acceleration):

 The second law of motion, also known as Newton's second law of motion, describes the relationship between the total force acting on an object, its mass, and its acceleration.

This can be formulated as follows:  

         The body's acceleration is inversely related to its mass and directly linked to the force that's being exerted on it.          

                                          a=F/m

                                           F=m*a                        

This has the following mathematical expression:

F is the object's net force, expressed as a Newton (N) force. m is the object's mass, expressed in kilogrammes, or kg.
Example:

An example of the second law of motion in everyday life is pushing a shopping cart. When you apply force to the cart by pushing it, the cart accelerates in the direction of the force you applied. According to the second law of motion, the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. In this scenario, the mass of the shopping cart remains relatively constant, but the applied force determines how fast it accelerates.

If you push the cart lightly, it will accelerate slowly. However, if you apply more force by pushing harder, the car will accelerate faster. This illustrates the direct relationship between force and acceleration described by the second law of motion.

Newton's third law of motion (Law of action and reaction):

 Every action has an equal and opposite response, according to Newton's third law.

 This law describes the relationship between two interacting objects or bodies.

According to the third law, when an object acts on a second object, the second simultaneously exerts a force of equal magnitude but in opposite direction on the first object.

Simply put, if you push or pull an object, the object pushes or pulls you back in the opposite direction with the same force. This law applies to all kinds of forces, whether they are contact forces (such as pushing a table) or non-contact forces (such as the force of gravity between two objects).

It is important to note that action and reaction forces always act on different objects and arise simultaneously. The two forces have the same magnitude but are directed in opposite directions, as described in Newton's third law of motion.

Example:

 An example of Newton's third law in action in everyday life is walking. When you step forward, your foot presses hard on the ground, and in response to this force, the ground pushes forward on your foot. This interaction follows Newton's third law, which states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Another example can be seen when you are swimming. When you push your hands back into the water, your hands act on the water and the water exerts an equal and opposite force on your hands, propelling you forward.

The action-reaction principle can also be observed when driving a car. When you press the accelerator, the car applies a feedback force to you, pushing you back into the seat. At the same time, you experience translational force as a reaction that propels the car forward.

These examples show how Newton's third law is present in our daily lives, showing that forces always appear in pairs, with the same magnitude and opposite directions.

Significance of laws of motion:

The significance of Newton's laws of motion lies in their universality and applicability to a wide range of phenomena. They provide a framework for understanding and predicting the behavior of objects at different scales, from macroscopic bodies to subatomic particles. These laws have enabled us to make significant advances in such fields as classical mechanics, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, and even space exploration. They serve as the fundamental basis for more complex theories such as Einstein's theory of relativity and remain important tools in scientific research and practical applications.