List of physics symbols

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Common Symbols:

Physics symbols are used to represent various quantities, concepts, and mathematical operations in the field of physics.

Alpha (α): used to represent a variety of variables, including angles, coefficients, and constants like the fine-structure constant.
Beta (β): Usually used to indicate a particle's speed or velocity.
Gamma (γ): used to symbolize the gyromagnetic ratio in nuclear physics and the Lorentz factor in special relativity.
Delta (Δ): represents an alteration or variation in a number.
Epsilon (ε): frequently Infinite changes or small amounts are frequently represented by this symbol.
Theta (θ): In many settings, including trigonometry and as a temperature variable, it is frequently used to represent angles.
Lambda (λ): frequently used to represent the nuclear physics decay constant and in wavelength calculations.
Mu (μ): represents a number of different quantities, including the magnetic permeability and friction coefficient
Pi (π): The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter is represented by a well-known mathematical constant.
Sigma (σ): Standard deviation, the total of a series, or a cross-section in the field of particles are a few instances of common uses for this term in physics.
Phi (φ): used to represent different quantities, such as magnetic flux or electric potential.
Omega (ω):. frequently used to denote the speed of rotation along with angular frequency.

η (eta)
θ (theta)
ι (iota)
κ (kappa)
λ (lambda)
μ (mu)
ν (nu)
ξ (xi)
ο (omicron)
π (pi)
ρ (rho)
σ (sigma)
τ (tau)
υ (upsilon)
φ (phi)
χ (chi)
ψ (psi)
ω (omega)

These are only a few instances of Greek symbols that are used in physics. Numerous other Greek letters also have uses in various areas of physics and mathematics.

a- Acceleration
A - Area
B - Magnetic field
c - Speed of light
C - Capacitance
d - Distance
D - Diameter
E - Electric field
f - Frequency
F - Force
G - Gravitational constant
h - Planck's constant
H - Magnetic field intensity
I - Current
J - Current density
k - Boltzmann's constant
K - Temperature (Kelvin)
L - Inductance
m - Mass
M - Mega (10^6)
n - Number density
N - Newton (unit of force)
p - Momentum
P - Power
q - Charge
Q - Heat
r - Radius
R - Resistance
s - Time
S - Entropy
t - Time
T - Period (of oscillation)
u - Velocity
U - Potential energy

V - Voltage
w - Angular velocity
W - Work
x - Position
X - X-component of a vector
y - Height
Y - Y-component of a vector
z - Depth
Z - Z-component of a vector

Mathematical Symbols:

The following list of symbols for mathematics includes

+(plus): represents a large positive number or addition.

Example: 2 + 3 = 5
_(minus): represents a negative number, or subtract.

Example: 5 - 3 = 2
× (multiplication): is a symbol for multiplication.

Example: 2 × 3 = 6

÷ (division): symbolises division.

Example: 6 ÷ 2 = 3
= (equals): demonstrates the equality of two phrases.

Example: 2 + 3 = 5
≠ (not equals): tells that the values are not similar.

Example: 5 != 10
< (less than):

Example: 3<5
< (greater than): shows that one item is greater than another.

Example: 7>4

≤ (less than or equal to): demonstrates that two values are less than or equal.

Example: 5 <= 5

≥ (greater than or equal to): demonstrates that two values are bigger than or equal.

Example: 5 >= 5
∝ (proportional to):

Example: x ∝ y,

∞ (infinity): represents a limitless or unbounded amount.

For example: ∥x∥∞ = max(|x₁|, |x₂|, ..., |xₙ|)
∑ (sum): represents the total of a number range.

Example: ∑(i = 1 to 5) i = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
∆ (delta, change):

For example ∇f(x, y, z) = (∂f/∂x, ∂f/∂y, ∂f/∂z).

∫ (integral): for integration

For example, ∫f(x) dx
∇ (nabla, del):

For a scalar function f(x, y, z), the gradient is written as ∇for grad(f).

∴ (Therefore):

∼ (approximately):

For example, 3.14159 ∼ π

≈ (approximately equal to):

For example 2.99 ≈ 3
≡ (identically equal to):

()Parentheses: used to categorize expressions or denote the execution sequence.

Square root (√): represents a value's square root.

Example: √9 = 3

Pi (π):

represents the 3.14159-equivalent mathematical constant.

Exponent (^ or **): symbolizes bringing a number up to power.

Example: 2^3 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8

Units and Measurements:

Length:

- Meter: m
- Kilometer: km
- Centimeter: cm
- Inch: in
- Foot: ft
  Mass:
  - Kilogram: kg
  - Gram: g
  - Pound: lb
  - Ounce: oz
Time:
- Second: s
- Minute: min
- Hour: h
Temperature:
- Celsius: °C
- Fahrenheit: °F
- Kelvin: K
Electric Current:
- Ampere: A
Amount of Substance:
- Mole: mol
Speed:
- Meter per second: m/s
- Kilometer per hour: km/h
- Mile per hour: mph
Volume:
- Cubic meter: m³
- Liter: L
- Milliliter: mL
Energy:
- Joule: J
- Calorie: cal
Pressure:
- Pascal: Pa
- Atmosphere: atm

cd (candela)
N (newton)
W (watt)
Pa (pascal)
C (coulomb)
V (volt)
F (farad)
Ω (ohm)
Hz (hertz)
T (tesla)
Bq (becquerel)

rad (radian)

sr (steradian)
Physical Constants:

c (speed of light)
G (gravitational constant)
h (Planck's constant)
e (elementary charge)
k (Boltzmann constant)
μ₀ (vacuum permeability)
ε₀ (vacuum permittivity)
R (gas constant)
me (electron mass)
mp (proton mass)
mn (neutron mass)

Fine-structure constant: α (alpha)

Avogadro constant: N_A

Importance of physics symbols:

Representation and Clarity:

Physical measures, constants, and variables can be represented clearly and uniformly using physics symbols. It is simpler for researchers, scientists, and students to understand and convey ideas when complicated mathematics and scientific concepts are expressed using symbols since they are brief and distinct.

Universal language:

Physics symbols are used in the field of science as a universal language. Scientists from many nations and backgrounds may comprehend and interpret formulas and equations using a similar set of symbols, regardless of language limitations. This makes it easier for researchers throughout the world to collaborate and share knowledge.

Efficiency and Precision:

Physics provides for efficient and exact communication through the use of symbols. Utilizing symbols, equations, and formulas can be stated in a concise manner that eliminates the need for lengthy explanations and descriptions. Scientists can explain complex relationships clearly and analyze them more quickly thanks to this efficiency.

Mathematical Formalism:

Physics symbols are a crucial component of the quantitative formalism used in physics. Equations can be changed and answered mathematically by symbolizing physical quantities and operations. This formalism makes it possible to create ideas, models, and hypotheses that can be experimentally verified and evaluated.

Historical Significance:

Numerous symbols used in physics have a long history and stand for key concepts and findings in the subject. For instance, signs like E (energy), F (force), and t (change in time), which stand for ideas that have molded our view of the natural universe, are deeply embedded in the works of renowned scientists.

For effective communication, precise representation of physical quantities, and mathematics formalism, physics symbols are crucial tools. They enable the creation of hypotheses, promote scientific conversation, and act as a universal language for scientists all around the world.